Изменения окружающей среды в позднеледниковье и голоцене на юго-востоке Беларуси

Communicated by Academician Aleksey V. MatveevThe reconstruction of environmental changes in the southeast of Belarus during the last 14700 cal. BP is based on the results of palynological, radiocarbon, isotope and lithological studies of Lake Staroje deposits. Climatic fluctuations, fires and human activities played a significant role in the transformation of the vegetation cover. The beginning of the lacustrine sedimentation was dated circa 16000 cal. BP. The intensification of erosion processes on the water catchment area was marked by an increase in the mineral material flow into the lake. These events have a positive correlation with the climate cooling and humidity phases in the Late Glacial and Early Holocene, and in the Late Holocene with anthropogenic impact stages. The traces of the episodic human activity were dated to 5800 cal. BP, while the expansion of farming and pasturing areas began at 3000 cal. BP Currently the consequences of human activities (including drainage of bogs) are reflected in the treeless landscapes adjacent to the lake.Представлено академиком А. В. МатвеевымРеконструкция изменений окружающей среды на юго-востоке Беларуси в течение последних 14,7 тыс. кал. л. н. основана на результатах палинологических, радиоуглеродных, изотопных и литологических исследований отложений оз. Старое. Климатические колебания, пожары и деятельность человека играли значительную роль в преобразовании растительного покрова. Начало озерного седиментогенеза датируется около 16,0 тыс. кал. л. н. Усиление эрозионных процессов на водосборе было отмечено повышенным поступлением минерального материала в озеро. Эти события в позднеледниковье и раннем голоцене имеют положительную корреляцию с фазами похолодания и увлажнения климата, а в позднем голоцене с этапами антропогенного воздействия. Следы эпизодической деятельности человека установлены с ~5,8 тыс. кал. л. н., а начало земледелия и расширение пастбищных площадей с 3,0 тыс. кал. л. н. В настоящее время последствия хозяйственной деятельности человека (включая осушение болот) иллюстрируют безлесные ландшафты, прилегающие к озеру

Testing the Effect of Relative Pollen Productivity on the REVEALS Model : A Validated Reconstruction of Europe-Wide Holocene Vegetation

Reliable quantitative vegetation reconstructions for Europe during the Holocene are crucial to improving our understanding of landscape dynamics, making it possible to assess the past effects of environmental variables and land-use change on ecosystems and biodiversity, and mitigating their effects in the future. We present here the most spatially extensive and temporally continuous pollen-based reconstructions of plant cover in Europe (at a spatial resolution of 1° × 1°) over the Holocene (last 11.7 ka BP) using the 'Regional Estimates of VEgetation Abundance from Large Sites' (REVEALS) model. This study has three main aims. First, to present the most accurate and reliable generation of REVEALS reconstructions across Europe so far. This has been achieved by including a larger number of pollen records compared to former analyses, in particular from the Mediterranean area. Second, to discuss methodological issues in the quantification of past land cover by using alternative datasets of relative pollen productivities (RPPs), one of the key input parameters of REVEALS, to test model sensitivity. Finally, to validate our reconstructions with the global forest change dataset. The results suggest that the RPPs.st1 (31 taxa) dataset is best suited to producing regional vegetation cover estimates for Europe. These reconstructions offer a long-term perspective providing unique possibilities to explore spatial-temporal changes in past land cover and biodiversity