6 research outputs found

    Robust estimation of bacterial cell count from optical density

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    Optical density (OD) is widely used to estimate the density of cells in liquid culture, but cannot be compared between instruments without a standardized calibration protocol and is challenging to relate to actual cell count. We address this with an interlaboratory study comparing three simple, low-cost, and highly accessible OD calibration protocols across 244 laboratories, applied to eight strains of constitutive GFP-expressing E. coli. Based on our results, we recommend calibrating OD to estimated cell count using serial dilution of silica microspheres, which produces highly precise calibration (95.5% of residuals <1.2-fold), is easily assessed for quality control, also assesses instrument effective linear range, and can be combined with fluorescence calibration to obtain units of Molecules of Equivalent Fluorescein (MEFL) per cell, allowing direct comparison and data fusion with flow cytometry measurements: in our study, fluorescence per cell measurements showed only a 1.07-fold mean difference between plate reader and flow cytometry data

    Hydrothermal Carbonization of Stillage Products Generated from Corn Ethanol Production

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    Hydrothermal Carbonization (HTC) is a platform thermochemical technology which utilizes high moisture content feedstocks. HTC of whole and thin stillage from the corn ethanol industry presents an opportunity to reduced energy and water usage, while diversifying value added products

    Handbook of food engineering practice /

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    Includes bibliographical references and index
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