Algunas consideraciones sobre la edad y la paleografía de las gravas de castellbisbal

La formación que denominamos "gravas de Castell Bisbal" está constituída, desde el punto de vista litológico, por materiales detrítico-groseros, poligénicos, nada o poco cementados, que se hallan muy mal clasificados y compuestos por gravas y arenas. (...

Procesos de alteración de materiales pétreos en edificios de interés histórico

This is a general survey of the different stages in the technicaldiagnostic activities carried out at present on the conservation state of monuments previous to restoration.Diagnostic studies are commonly hased on the effects of pollution (external factor), and on the study of rock porosity and its hydric properties (interna1 factors). Other alteration processes may also be caused by the mineralogical nature, as well as the crystallochemical characteristics of the rock. These mechanisms may be determinig factors that can go unnoticed if no in-depth petroiogicai and crystallochemical studies are carried out, especially those using the new techniques of electron microscopy and electron drilling.Here a rock of Miocenic age from the " Covas del Llorito" near Tarragona quarries is described. This partially dolomitized calcisiltite presents a zoned idiotypic fabric, with an anomalous intracrystalline distribution of calcium and magnesium, non-stechiomehic and deficient in magnesium. These crystalls undergo a differential disolution of their nuclei, wich produces abundan1 intracrystalline moldic porosity, and subsequent disaggregation and the formation of sand. This predisposition to alteration, of diagenetic origin, is speeded up by existing gypsum efflorescences, external to the rock

Revealed Comparative Advantage and Competitiveness in Pear

This article focuses on the study of the comparative advantages and competitiveness in the global pear market. First, it will outline a clear distinction between these two concepts, followed by analysis. This paper provides a new index of competitiveness developed by our research based on the insights offered by a wide range of studies on this subject. The aim is to achieve a new line of analysis to improve and expand the possibilities of present day studies

Numerical simulation of transom-stern waves

The flow field generated by a transom-stern hullform is a complex, broad-banded, three-dimensional phenomenon marked by a large breaking wave. This unsteady multiphase turbulent flow feature is difficult to study experimentally and simulate numerically. The results of a set of numerical simulations, which use the Numerical Flow Analysis (NFA) code, of the flow around the Model 5673 transom stern at speeds covering both wet- and dry-transom operating conditions are shown in the accompanying fluid dynamics video. The numerical predictions for wet-transom and dry-transom conditions are presented to demonstrate the current state of the art in the simulation of ship generated breaking waves. The interested reader is referred to Drazen et al. (2010) for a detailed and comprehensive comparison with experiments conducted at the Naval Surface Warfare Center Carderock Division (NSWCCD).Comment: Fluid Dynamics Video for 2010 APS Division of Fluid Dynamics Gallery of Fluid Motion include

Comportamiento en conservación de cultivares de manzana ‘Reineta del Canadá’

Apple (Malus domestica Borkh) cultivars ‘Reinette du Canada’ (RC) and ‘Reinette Grise du Canada’ (RG) have been declared throughout the European Community as protected designation of origin (PDO) ‘Manzana Reineta del Bierzo’. The aim of this research was to find out the influence of storage technique on quality of PDO apple cultivars ‘RC’ and ‘RG’, and to evaluate the absence of traditional post-harvest treatments in these high quality cultivars in order to reduce pesticide residues in fruit. Apples were kept in standard cold storage or in controlled atmosphere (CA). At harvest time and during storage, fruit from each treatment and storage technique was analysed to determine quality parameters as well as disorder incidence. CA storage has been useful to delay the maturity process of PDO apple cultivars ‘RC’ and ‘RG’ and to reduce the incidence of storage disorders. Apple cultivars had different behaviour so ‘RG’ cultivar showed lower weight loss (5.1%), shrivelling (6.4%) and bitter-pit (11%) than ‘RC’ cultivar (8.3%, 60.8% and 34%, respectively) at the end of storage. The response of both cultivars to the treatment was quite different, so ‘RG’ adapted better than ‘RC’ to the absence of postharvest treatments. Untreated ‘RG’ showed more brightness, total soluble solids (TSS) and TSS:titratable acidity values than treated ‘RG’, factors that could improve consumer acceptance. Effectiveness of postharvest treatment in terms of bitter-pit was lower in ‘RG’ than in ‘RC’. These results indicate that ‘RG’ would adapt better to storage without the use of chemical postharvest treatments.Los cultivares de manzana (Malus domestica Borkh) ‘Reineta del Canadá’ (RC) y ‘Reineta Gris del Canadá’ (RG) han sido declarados en la Unión Europea como Denominación de Origen Protegida (DOP) ‘Manzana Reineta del Bierzo’. El objetivo de este trabajo fue averiguar la influencia de la técnica de conservación en la calidad de los cultivares de la DOP ‘Manzana Reineta del Bierzo’, ‘RC’ y ‘RG’, así como evaluar la ausencia de los tradicionales tratamientos postcosecha en estos cultivares de alta calidad con objeto de reducir los residuos finales en el fruto. Las manzanas fueron almacenadas en frío normal o en atmósfera controlada. En recolección y durante la conservación frigorífica se determinaron los parámetros de calidad y la incidencia de enfermedades. La técnica de atmósfera controlada fue útil para retrasar la maduración de los cultivares DOP ‘Manzana Reineta del Bierzo’ ‘RC’ and ‘RG’ y para reducir la incidencia de alteraciones durante conservación. Los cultivares tuvieron diferente comportamiento, de manera que ‘RG’ mostró menor pérdida de peso (5.1%), arrugamiento (6.4%) y bitter-pit (11%) que ‘RC’ (8.3%, 60.8% y 34%, respectivamente) al final de la conservación. La respuesta de los cultivares ante el tratamiento fue diferente, pues ‘RG’ se adaptó mejor que ‘RC’ a la ausencia de tratamientos. ‘RG’ no tratada mostró mayor brillo, sólidos solubles totales (TSS) y TSS:Acidez titulable que ‘RG’ tratada, lo cual podría aumentar la aceptación por parte del consumidor. La eficacia de los tratamientos postcosecha en el control de bitter-pit fue menor en ‘RG’ que en ‘RC’. Estos resultados indicarían que ‘RG’ se adaptaría mejor a una conservación sin tratamientos químicos postcosecha

Direct Simulations of Wind-Driven Breaking Ocean Waves with Data Assimilation

A formulation is developed to assimilate ocean-wave data into the Numerical Flow Analysis (NFA) code. NFA is a Cartesian-based implicit Large-Eddy Simulation (LES) code with Volume of Fluid (VOF) interface capturing. The sequential assimilation of data into NFA permits detailed analysis of ocean-wave physics with higher bandwidths than is possible using either other formulations, such as High-Order Spectral (HOS) methods, or field measurements. A framework is provided for assimilating the wavy and vortical portions of the flow. Nudging is used to assimilate wave data at low wavenumbers, and the wave data at high wavenumbers form naturally through nonlinear interactions, wave breaking, and wind forcing. Similarly, the vertical profiles of the mean vortical flow in the wind and the wind drift are nudged, and the turbulent fluctuations are allowed to form naturally. As a demonstration, the results of a HOS of a JONSWAP wave spectrum are assimilated to study short-crested seas in equilibrium with the wind. Log profiles are assimilated for the mean wind and the mean wind drift. The results of the data assimilations are (1) Windrows form under the action of breaking waves and the formation of swirling jets; (2) The crosswind and cross drift meander; (3) Swirling jets are organized into Langmuir cells in the upper oceanic boundary layer; (4) Swirling jets are organized into wind streaks in the lower atmospheric boundary layer; (5) The length and time scales of the Langmuir cells and the wind streaks increase away from the free surface; (6) Wave growth is very dynamic especially for breaking waves; (7) The effects of the turbulent fluctuations in the upper ocean on wave growth need to be considered together with the turbulent fluctuations in the lower atmosphere; and (8) Extreme events are most likely when waves are not in equilibrium.Comment: 46 pages, 30th Symposium on Naval Hydrodynamics, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia, 2-7 November 201

Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on University Students' Physical Activity Levels: An Early Systematic Review

[EN] Purpose: This systematic review aimed to analyze the impact that the COVID-19 lockdown had on the amount of physical activity performed by university students. Materials and Methods: A systematic electronic search for studies providing information regarding physical activity levels pre and during COVID-19 pandemic in university students was performed up to 20th October 2020 in the databases Cochrane Library, PubMed, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science. The risk of bias of external validity quality of included studies was assessed by means of those the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). The quality of the evidence for main outcomes was graded using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. Results and Conclusions: A total of 10 studies were selected. Physical activity levels were assessed by means of questionnaires (10 studies) and accelerometer (1 study). Risk of bias was regarded as low and high in six and four investigations, respectively. The quality of evidence was downgraded to low. A significant reduction of physical activity levels were observed in 9 studies. Compared to pre-lockdown values, five studies showed a reduction of light/mild physical activity (walking) between 32.5 and 365.5%, while seven studies revealed a reduction of high/vigorous physical activity between 2.9 and 52.8%. Walking, moderate, vigorous, and total physical activity levels have been reduced during the COVID-19 pandemic confinements in university students of different countries. Despite of the reductions, those who met the current minimum PA recommendations before the lockdown generally met the recommendations also during the confinements

The exceptionally high diversity of small carnivorans from the Late Miocene hominid locality of Hammerschmiede (Bavaria, Germany)

The present study deals with new material of carnivorans (Mustelidae, Mephitidae, Ailuridae, Potamotheriinae and Viverridae) from the basal Tortonian (Late Miocene, late Astaracian) hominid-bearing locality of Hammerschmiede (Bavaria, Germany). The small carnivoran fauna includes 20 species belonging to nine different subfamilies (Guloninae, Lutrinae, Mellivorinae, Potamotheriinae, Leptarctinae, Mephitinae, Simocyoninae, Genettinae and Viverrinae). The identified forms include: “Martes” sansaniensis, “Martes” cf. munki, “Martes” sp., Circamustela hartmanni n. sp., Laphyctis mustelinus, Guloninae indet., Eomellivora moralesi, Vishnuonyx neptuni, Paralutra jaegeri, Lartetictis cf. dubia, Trocharion albanense, Palaeomeles pachecoi, Proputorius sansaniensis, Proputorius pusillus, Alopecocyon goeriachensis, Simocyoninae indet., Potamotherium sp., Semigenetta sansaniensis, Semigenetta grandis and Viverrictis modica. The new species Circamustela hartmanni n. sp. is differentiated from the other members of the genus by its small size and the morphology of its dental cusps in the upper and lower carnassials. This is one of the highest reported taxonomic diversities for fossil small carnivorans in the Miocene of Europe, including also first and last occurrences for several genera and species. Additionally, the assemblage comprises some rare taxa such as Palaeomeles pachecoi and Eomellivora moralesi. An ecomorphological comparison of the discovered taxa reveals possible cases of competition and niche partitioning. © 2022 Kargopoulos et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited

AUTOEVALUACION DE LA MAESTRIA EN CIENCIAS DE LA ENFERMERIA

This article presents the results of a self-assessment of the Master of Nursing Science, part of the Graduate Program in Nursing, School of Nursing. 5 students participated, 7 graduates, 5 teachers, 6 members of the Graduate Program Committee, 1 administrative assistant, and 8 employers (Mexico Hospital, Hospital Tony Facio Limón, Cartago Hospital, Hospital San Juan de Dios, CENARE Institute National Insurance, the School of Nursing at the University of Costa Rica and the College of Nurses). The objective was to determine the functioning of the academic expertise of Science in Nursing and the impact on the profession to develop strategies to improve the training of researchers (as) in the discipline. The implemented design is suggested by the system of Graduate Studies at the University of Costa Rica which consists of stages, components and patterns. Established three phases: 1. Awareness of the process 2. Development, validation and application of tools and techniques for data collection, 3. Processing and analysis. As a result it was observed that there were significant discordant elements in the different components (students, curriculum, graduates, employers, research, academic management, design, and political feasibility) that influence the success of the master and can be addressed from a position politics and logistics of the Graduate Program. We conclude that the construction of theoretical and methodological approach outlined in the curriculum plan is consistency and coherence between the training it offers and the academic and professional profile, however in thedevelopment of a master is internal and external factors that influence their success or failure and undermine the logic of an educational plan.Este artículo presenta los resultados de la evaluación de la Maestría en Ciencias de la Enfermería, la cual pertenece al Programa de Posgrado en Enfermería de la Escuela de Enfermería. Participaron 5 estudiantes, 7 egresados, 5 profesores, 6 miembros de la Comisión del Programa de Posgrado, 1 asistente administrativa, y 8 empleadores (Hospital México, Hospital Tony Facio de Limón, Hospital de Cartago, Hospital San Juan de Dios, CENARE, Instituto Nacional de Seguros, la Escuela de Enfermería de la Universidad de Costa Rica y el Colegio de Enfermeras). El objetivo fue determinar el funcionamiento de la maestría académica en Ciencias de la Enfermería y su impacto en la profesión para elaborar estrategias que mejoren la formación de investigadores (as) en la disciplina. El diseño implementado es el sugerido por el sistema de Estudios de Posgrado de la Universidad de Costa Rica el cual consta de etapas, componentes y pautas. Se establecieron tres etapas: 1. Sensibilización del proceso, 2. Elaboración, validación y aplicación de instrumentos y técnicas para la recolección de los datos, 3. Procesamiento y análisis de información. Como resultado relevante se observó que existen elementos discordantes en los diferentes componentes (estudiantes, plan de estudios, graduados, empleadores, investigación, gestión académica, proyección, viabilidad política) que influyen en el éxito de la maestría y que pueden ser resueltos desde una posición política y logística desde el Programa de Posgrado. Se concluye que la construcción del enfoque teórico metodológico expuesto en el plan curricular tiene congruencia y coherencia entre la formación que propone y el perfil académico y profesional, no obstante, en el desarrollo de una maestría hay factores internos y externos que influyen en su éxito o fracaso y debilitan la lógica de un plan educativo