Modern Approaches in Injuries of the Larynx

Introduction: Early diagnosis and proper treatment of laryngeal trauma is of great importance for the patient to prevent the formation of stenosis in a later stage, changes in breathing and voice quality.Material and methods: The covered laryngeal trauma is a relatively rare injury. Its incidence is estimated at 1 in 30,000 visits to emergency rooms.Results: Due to their relatively low frequency and association with other life-threatening injuries, laryngeal trauma often go unrecognized. This is bad because the glottis laryngeal stenosis and insufficiency are the end result of delayed or inadequate treatment of laryngeal trauma.Conclusion: Despite the great variety of these injuries, correct diagnosis and understanding of each case justify the adoption of a standardized method for classifying and treating these injuries. These preconditions will facilitate successful therapy

BPIFA1 Protein: An essential ingredient to the future of the Diagnostic Therapeutic strategy for Chronic Rhinosinuitis

A number of complex processes of interaction between the macroorganismand a great deal of pathological microorganisms take place in the mucosa of the nasal and paranasal sinuses. One of the primary mechanisms of the mucosa counteraction is utilizing the secretion proteins (9). The BPIFA1 (bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein fold–containing family member A1) protein is a characteristic representative of this group. It is a multifunctional protein with various defensive mechanisms. Recently, there has been an upraise in research regarding the BPIFA1 role when treating chronic rhinosinuitis. Experimental drugs for treating chronic diseases of the upper respiratory tract are being developed based on BPIFA1

PARTICIPATION OF Hi- AND H 3-RECEPTORS IN THE REGULATION OF GUINEA-PIG TRACHEAL TONE - INFLUENCE OF INDOMETHACIN

The tracheal tone is influenced by histaminergic receptors and by the epithelium derived relaxing factor (EpDRF) which contains metabolites of arachidonic acid. The aims of the present study were the following: 1) to investigate the role of Hi- and Нз-receptors in the tracheal tone regulation using as test substances histamine (H), the Hi-receptor antagonist mepyramine and the Нз-receptor agonist (R)a-methylhistamine [(R)a -MHA]; 2) to study the influence of the cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor indomethacin on the tracheal responsiveness to the examined substances. The experiments were carried out on isolated guinea-pig tracheal rings. Histamine at cumulative concentrations contracts the trachea. In the presence of mepyramine the concentration- response curves to H are shifted to the right that proves the concept of the Hi-receptor mediated tracheal contraction. In the presence of indomethacin the concentration-response curves to H are shifted to the left and the maximal contraction is significantly increased due to the inhibition of the COX pathway. (R)oc-MHA at concentrations up to lxlfH M leads to a slight tracheal contraction, which is probably Hi-receptor mediated as it is reduced in the presence of mepyramine. The ЗхКИ M concentration of (R)a-MHA relaxes the trachea probably due to its Нз-receptor agonistic activity. In the presence of indomethacin this relaxation is turned to a further contraction. After tracheal precontraction by H, (R)a-MHA concentration dependently relaxes the trachea. This spasmolytic effect is insignificantly influenced by mepyramine and is almost completely abolished in the presence of indomethacin, which shows that it is probably due to an increased production of metabolites of arachidonic acid

Juvenile Nasopharyngeal Angiofibroma – Characteristics, Diagnosis and Treatment

Ювенилният назофарингеален ангиофибром е рядък съдов тумор, срещащ се с честота под 0,5% от всички тумори на главата и шията. Въпреки че е хистологично бенигнен, той притежава локална инвазивност, подобно на злокачествените неоплазми. Лечението до ден-днешен е сериозно предизвикателство, криещо множество рискове от тежки, понякога животозастрашаващи усложнения.Juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma is a rare high vascular tumor with a frequency of less than 0,5% of all head and neck tumors. Although histologicaly benign, it possess invasiveness similar to malignant neoplasms. The treatment is still a challenge with risk of sometimes lifethreatening complications

Intranight variability of 3C 454.3 during its 2010 November outburst

Context. 3C 454.3 is a very active flat spectrum radio quasar (blazar) that has undergone a recent outburst in all observed bands, including the optical. Aims. In this work we explore the short-term optical variability of 3C 454.3 during its outburst by searching for time delays between different optical bands. Finding one would be important for understanding the evolution of the spectrum of the relativistic electrons, which generate the synchrotron jet emission. Methods. We performed photometric monitoring of the object by repeating exposures in different optical bands (BVRI). Occasionally, different telescopes were used to monitor the object in the same band to verify the reliability of the smallest variations we observed. Results. Except on one occasion, where we found indications of a lag of the blue wavelengths behind the red ones, the results are inconclusive for most of the other cases. There were either no structures in the light curves to be able to search for patterns, or else different approaches led to different conclusions.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures. Accepted for publication in A&

EFFECT OF ISOTEOLINE IN ANIMAL MODELS PREDICTIVE OF ANTIDEPRESSANT ACTIVITY

Isoteoline, a compound of aporphine structure, was studied for antidepressant activity. Two animal models were used: the behavioral despair test and the clonidine-induced hypothermia. Isoteoline failed to alter the immobility time in rats subjected to forced swimming, but antagonized the immobility-reducing effect of desipramine, both after a single and multiple administration. In rats made hypothermic by i.p. injection of clonidine, Isoteoline did not antagonize the effect on rectal temperature, but rather accentuated it. The conclusion was made that Isoteoline was devoid of antidepressant activity. The results were analyzed in terms of previously demonstrated interactions of Isoteoline with subtypes of serotonergic receptors and were found to provide further evidence in support of these interactions

Study of Natural Aronia Melanocarpa Fruit Juice for Antibacterial and Antiviral Activity

Natural Aronia melanocarpa fruit juice (AMFJ) is rich in polyphenols most of which are anthocyanins. These compounds and other natural plant products are recently evaluated for their anti-infectious activity. The aim of the present study was to investigate the antibacterial and antiviral activity of AMFJ. AMFJ bacteriostatic activity on referent strains of S. aureus ATCC 25923, E. coli ATCC 25922 and P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853 was assessed by counting the number of colonies after 24h incubation at 37°C using the microbial number method. AMFJ was not bacteriostatic for P. aeruginosa. The microbial number for E. coli was 0 ,3 6xl02 CFU/ml AMFJ and for N. aureus 0,87x10s CFU/ml AMFJ. Gram-positive bacteria should mainly be used as a test for further investigation of the bacteriostatic activity of AMFJ. AMFJ antiviral activity directed to the reproduction in ovo of influenza virus type A (H3N2) was investigated. AMFJ inhibited the reproduction of influenza virus in its initial stages, most probably, due to the formation of complex compounds between the virion, on one hand, and the polyphenols, on the other hand, which influenced the adsorption of the influenza virus on the cell surface

Influence of Fruit Juice From Aronia Melanocarpa on the Process of Lipid Peroxidation in a Model of Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats

The fruit juice from Aronia melanocarpa (FJAM) is rich in anthocyanins. We studied the effect of FJAM on the process of lipid peroxidation in a model of carbon tetrachloride (CCI4)-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were measured in plasma and liver homogenate. CCU induced a significant elevation of MDA levels in the plasma (p<0,05) and in the homogenate (p<0,01) in comparison with distilled water-treated controls. FJAM applied alone did not significantly influence on the MDA levels. The pretreatment of the rats with FJAM before their treatment with CCI4 lead dose-dependently to MDA levels in the plasma and homogenate which did not differ in most animal groups from the controls and were significantly lower from those of the CCI4-treated rats