A descriptive study of gender preference and its relation to willingness for sterilization in pregnant women in a tertiary hospital in Goa

Background: There is an association between male gender preference and avoidance of ligation if preferred sex is not born. We therefore undertook this study to systematically analyze this association between the gender preference and willingness for sterilization in Goan women.Methods: A hospital based cross sectional descriptive study was undertaken among 216 women attending antenatal clinic at a tertiary hospital in Goa between August to December 2015. The data was analyzed in SPSS for Windows, version 14.0. The results are described as percentages and assessment of statistically significant difference was done using the Chi-Square test at 95% level of significance (p<0.05).Results: Of the 216 women who participated in the study, 50 (23.1%) had a male preference. Age, education of the women and religion were not found to be having a statistically significant association with the male preference. Occupation, socio-economic status of the women and parity were found to be having a statistically significant association with the male preference. The women with one surviving male child did not mind if the second child was female but those with previous female child desired for male child in most instances. Eighty three percent of women with preference for female child were willing for ligation even if their preference was not met compared to only 50% of those with male preference.Conclusions: The decision on completion of family as evident from willingness for sterilization is influenced by the sex preference and the outcome of pregnancy in terms of the sex of the child

Removal of Tannic Acid From Aqueous Solution by Cloud Point Extraction and Investigation of Surfactant Regeneration by Microemulsion Extraction

The aim of this work is the extraction of tannic acid (TA) with two commercial nonionic surfactants, separately: Lutensol ON 30 and Triton X-114 (TX-114).The experimental cloud point extraction results are expressed by four responses to surfactant concentration and temperature variations: extent of TA extraction (E), remaining solute (X s,w) and surfactant (X t,w) concentrations in dilute phase and volume fraction of coacervate (Φc) at equilibrium. An empirical smoothing method was used and the results are represented on three dimensional plots. In optimal conditions, the extraction extent of TA reaches 95 and 87 % using TX-114 and Lutensol ON 30, respectively. Sodium sulfate, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) addition and pH effect are also studied. Finally, the possibility of recycling of the surfactant is proved

SANS by isoviscous micellar solutions

SANS from isoviscous samples of (CTAB+D2O+KBr) and (CTAB+D2O+Sodium Salicylate) at 30&#176;C show that the volume per monomer in the micelle of CTAB increases on addition of NaSal to 100 mM solution of CTAB. Micelles are longer in CTAB/KBr. Cycling below the Krafft point brings about a structural change showing that these micelles have two stable configurations at 30&#176;C, depending on their temperature history

A descriptive study of gender preference and its relation to willingness for sterilization in pregnant women in a tertiary hospital in Goa

Background: There is an association between male gender preference and avoidance of ligation if preferred sex is not born. We therefore undertook this study to systematically analyze this association between the gender preference and willingness for sterilization in Goan women.Methods: A hospital based cross sectional descriptive study was undertaken among 216 women attending antenatal clinic at a tertiary hospital in Goa between August to December 2015. The data was analyzed in SPSS for Windows, version 14.0. The results are described as percentages and assessment of statistically significant difference was done using the Chi-Square test at 95% level of significance (p&lt;0.05).Results: Of the 216 women who participated in the study, 50 (23.1%) had a male preference. Age, education of the women and religion were not found to be having a statistically significant association with the male preference. Occupation, socio-economic status of the women and parity were found to be having a statistically significant association with the male preference. The women with one surviving male child did not mind if the second child was female but those with previous female child desired for male child in most instances. Eighty three percent of women with preference for female child were willing for ligation even if their preference was not met compared to only 50% of those with male preference.Conclusions: The decision on completion of family as evident from willingness for sterilization is influenced by the sex preference and the outcome of pregnancy in terms of the sex of the child