11 research outputs found

    Life-History and Behavior of the Diamondback Moth Plutella xylostella on Brassicaceae Cultivars over Multiple Generations

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    The diamondback moth (DBM), Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), is a cosmopolitan pest that causes leaf-area reduction in Brassicaceae plants. DBM populations have significant genetic variability that manifests in different feeding preferences and reproductive behaviors across generations. We evaluated the influence of Brassicaceae cultivars on biological and behavioral parameters across 18 generations of DBM populations that were separated and held on three varieties of Brassicaceae: Brassica oleracea var. acephala (kale), Brassica oleracea var. italica (broccoli), and Brassica oleracea var. capitata (cabbage). P, F6, F12, and F18 generations were evaluated, and biological aspects of young adulthood and fertility parameters of adults held on each host plant were examined over multiple generations. Additionally, larvae and adults were subjected to dual-choice and multiple-choice (feeding and oviposition) between cultivars, over generations. The results indicated that larvae of P. xylostella consumed greater quantities of kale and broccoli cultivars, on average (4.05 cm2), than cabbage (2.7 cm2). The number of eggs per female in F18 generation was 1.95 and 2.17 times higher than those in the parental (P) generation, when reared on kale and cabbage. The population reared exclusively on kale had higher net population growth rate (R0), intrinsic rate (rm), finite rate (λ) and generation time (T) than that reared on broccoli and cabbage. Last generations evaluated, the larval stage reared on cabbage showed feeding preference (F18) and oviposition preference (F12 and F18) for cabbage. Thus, we note the existence of learning, characterized as pre-imaginal conditioning to cabbage cultivars, over various DBM generations

    Variabilidade populacional de Plutella xylostella (L., 1758) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) e suscetibilidade a Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner

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    O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar, por meio de métodos moleculares, possíveis diferenças entre populações de Plutella xylostella (PX, PA, PC e PJ) de três estados brasileiros produtores de brassicáceas e avaliar a suscetibilidade e os efeitos subletais nestas populações à bioinseticidas e isolados de Bacillus thuringiensis. Foram utilizados os métodos de sequenciamento do gene COI e ISSR-PCR para analisar a estrutura genética das populações. Para avaliar a suscetibilidade e os efeitos subletais foram pulverizados em discos foliares de couve de 8 cm de diâmetro os isolados 153.30A, 49.19A, T08.024, E7, E28, E47, 41.7L, 20.7L, HD-1 e Bt tenebrionis e os produtos Btt090®, Dipel®, Agree® e Xentari®. Após a secagem, os discos foliares foram oferecidos para alimentação de lagartas de segundo ínstar de P. xylostella de cada população, em placas de Petri. As pupas foram individualizadas em placas com poços tipo Elisa® até a emergência dos adultos. Os adultos foram separados em casais e transferidos para gaiolas para oviposição. Os insetos foram observados até a morte dos adultos, sendo avaliado: viabilidade e duração larval e pupal, consumo foliar, peso das pupas, razão sexual, longevidade, número de ovos/fêmea/dia, período de incubação e viabilidade dos ovos. Os produtos/isolados que causaram mortalidade superior a 80% foram utilizados para estimar os valores de CL50. As populações apresentaram diferenças nas estruturas genéticas, sendo PJ a mais diferente. Os produtos Agree®, Dipel® e Xentari® e os isolados 49.19A, E47 e HD1 causaram 100% de mortalidade para todas as populações. De modo geral, Dipel® e HD1 foram mais tóxicos dentre os produtos e isolados, respectivamente, devido às menores CL50. Os isolados T08.024 e E28 foram os que mais afetaram negativamente as características biológicas da...The aim of this study was to detect possible differences among populations of Plutella xylostella (PX, PA, PC and PJ), from three Brazilian states that produce brassicaceas, and to evaluate the susceptibility and sublethal effects of these populations to Bacillus thuringiensis bioinsecticides and strains. We used the methods of COI gene sequencing and ISSR-PCR to analyze the genetic structure of the populations. To evaluate the susceptibility and sublethal effects, isolates 153.30A, 49.19A, T08.024, E7, E28, E47, 41.7L, 20.7L, HD-1 and Bt tenebrionis and products Btt090®, Dipel®, Agree® and Xentari® were sprayed on 8-cm-diameter kale leaf discs. After drying, the leaf disks were offered to fed second instar caterpillars of P. xylostella from each population, in Petri dishes. The pupae were placed in separated wells plates with Elisa ® until adult emergence. The adults were separated into couples and transferred to cages for oviposition. We observed the insects until the adults death, evaluating: larval and pupal viability and period, leaf consumption, pupal weight, sex ratio, longevity, number of eggs/female/day, incubation period and egg viability. Products/strains that caused mortality exceeding 80% were used to estimate the values of LC50. The populations showed differences in genetic structures, being PJ the most different one. Agree®, Dipel®, Xentari®, and the isolates 49.19A, E47 and HD1 caused 100% mortality for all populations. Generally, HD1 and Dipel® were the most toxic among products and strains, due to lower LC50. The isolates T08.024 and E28 were the ones that most affected negatively the biological characteristics of the pest, despite they didn’t cause 100% of mortality... (Complete abstract click electronic access below

    Fonte proteica na criação de Diatraea saccharalis e seu reflexo na produção e no controle de qualidade de Cotesia flavipes Protein source in Diatraea saccharalis diet and its impact on production and quality control of Cotesia flavipes

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    O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar diferentes dietas para lagartas de Diatraea saccharalis, com o intuito de obter informações sobre as características biológicas da praga e consequentemente avaliar a qualidade do parasitoide Cotesia flavipes, visando melhorar tecnicamente sua produção massal. Lagartas de 24 horas de idade foram transferidas para tubos (25 lagartas/tubo) contendo dieta artificial com levedura de cerveja e germe de trigo e outra somente com germe de trigo como fonte de proteína. Depois de aproximadamente 15 dias, as lagartas foram retiradas dos tubos e acondicionadas em placas com dieta, sendo observadas lagartas de D. saccharalis não parasitadas e parasitadas para avaliação das características biológicas de D. saccharalis e C. flavipes.nas diferentes dietas. Além da observação das características biológicas de D. saccharalis, foram realizadas medições nas lagartas de 15 dias de idade. Também, massas de pupas de C. flavipes.produzidas em biofábrica foram classificadas em três diferentes tamanhos, sendo pequenas (1,3 a 2,5 cm de comprimento), médias (2,5 a 3,5 cm de comprimento) e grandes (3,5 a 4,0 cm de comprimento). Após a emergência dos adultos foi realizado o parasitismo em lagartas de D. saccharalis, sendo observados o número de machos e fêmeas, tamanho da massa, razão sexual e número de pupas inviáveis. A dieta artificial que contém somente germe de trigo é a mais indicada para criação massal do hospedeiro D. saccharalis para produção em larga escala de C. flavipes. Massas de pupas classificadas como grandes possuem melhor qualidade em criações massais de C. flavipes.<br>The aim of this work was to evaluate different diets for Diatraea saccharalis larvae, obtaining information about the biological characteristics of the pest, and to evaluate the quality of Cotesia flavipes parasitoid, to improve mass rearing method. For the accomplishment of the experiment, 24 hour-old larvae were transferred to tubes (25 larvae/tube) containing artificial diets with yeast and wheat germ or just wheat germ as protein source. After approximately 15 days, the larvae were removed from tubes and placed in Petri dishes, being observed D. saccharalis larvae not parasitized and parasitized for evaluation of D. saccharalis and C. flavipes.biological characteristics. Biological characteristics of D. saccharalis were also evaluated in 15 day-old larvae. Pupae mass of C. flavipes.from mass rearing were classified in three different sizes separated in small (1.3 to 2.5 cm of length), moderate (2.5 to 3.5 cm of length) and large (3.5 to 4.0 cm of length) classes. After the adult emergency, the parasitism was evaluated in D. saccharalis larvae, being observed the number of males and females, size of pupae mass, sex ratio and number of unviable pupae. The artificial diet that contains wheat germ is the most suitable for D. saccharalis mass rearing and C. flavipes. Pupae mass of large size presents better quality of C. flavipes

    RESPOSTA FUNCIONAL DA JOANINHA CRYPTOLAEMUS PREDANDO COCHONILHA BRANCA EM DIFERENTES TEMPERATURAS E SUBSTRATOS VEGETAIS

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    This work was carried out to evaluate the functional response of Cryptolaemus montrouzieri Mulsant, 1850 (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) fed with Planococcus citri Risso, 1813 (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) reared on a pumpkin hybrid (Cucurbita maxima x Cucurbita moscata) (Cucurbitaceae), seedlings of Rangpur lime (Citrus limonia) Rutaceae) and potato (Solanum tuberosum) (Solanaceae) at two temperatures. The predation rate of C. montrouzieri was measured using Petri dishes of 15 cm diameter with 1, 2, 4, 8, 16 and 24 adults of P. Citri. One third instar larva, one fourfh instar and one newly emerged adult (without differentiation of sex) of C. montrouzieri were added to each plate. The study was conducted in climatic chambers at temperatures of 25 and 30 º C and photophase of 12 hours. The predation rate was evaluated after 24 hours of prey exposition to the predator, by counting the number of preys trapped in the different treatments and control. The statistical design was completely randomized with four treatments x 6 subplots with 7 repetitions, the two temperatures. The values obtained were subjected to analysis of variance, to relate the number of scales preyed by larvae and adults of C. montrouzieri set up in different substrates. The amount of prey consumed by larvae and adults of the predator increased with increasing the prey density until it reaches a plateau, characterizing functional response type II. In general, the number of scales preyed by larvae and adults of C. montrouzieri was higher on potato and under temperature of 30 °C

    Behavior of Orius insidiosus preying on Aphis gossypii reared on transgenic and conventional cotton varieties

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    The objective of this study was to evaluate the functional response of Orius insidiosus preying on the third and fourth instars of Aphis gossypii nymphs that were reared on transgenic NuOPAL (Bollgard I Event 531) and conventional Buriti cotton varieties. Fifty O. insidiosus female bugs aged 12-24h were distributed into five different Petri dishes with different densities of A. gossypii (2, 4, 8, 16, and 32 nymphs per plate) for each cotton variety. The number of prey consumed was evaluated over the course of 12h, with a final assessment at 24h. The handling times (Th) and attack rates (a) were 0.0697h and 1.1862h-1, respectively, for the Buriti variety and 0.0713h and 0.3030h-1, respectively, for the NuOPAL variety. The average number of prey consumed by O. insidiosus was similar for both varieties at 24h and at higher densities; the attack rate was higher for the Buriti-reared aphid prey than for the NuOPAL-reared aphids.O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a resposta funcional de Orius insidiosus que predaram ninfas de terceiro e quarto instar de Aphis gossypii criadas em variedades de algodão transgênico e convencional. Cinquenta fêmeas de O. insidiosus de 12-24h foram individualizadas por tratamento em placas de Petri. Diferentes densidades de A. gossypii (2, 4, 8, 16 e 32 ninfas por placa) foram testadas usando cada variedade de algodão. O número de presas consumidas foi avaliado durante 12h. Foi realizada uma avaliação final com 24h. O tempo de manipulação (Th) e a taxa de ataque (a) foram 0,0697h e 1,1862h-1, respectivamente, para a variedade Buriti e 0,0713h e 0,3030h-1, respectivamente, para a variedade NuOPAL. O número médio de presas consumidas por O. insidiosus foi similar para ambas variedades com 24h e com maiores densidades; a taxa de ataque foi maior com pulgões criados em Buriti do que criados em NuOPAL.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES

    Compatibilidade de produtos à base de Bacillus thuringiensis (Berliner, 1911) com glifosato em diferentes dosagens, utilizado em soja (Glycine max (L.) Merrill)

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    O objetivo do trabalho foi verificar se há compatibilidade de glifosato com produtos à base de Bacillus thuringiensis na cultura de soja. O meio de cultura nutriente ágar foi autoclavado e antes da solidificação (45°C), foram acrescentadas as dosagens de glifosato (1,0; 1,25; 1,5; 2,0 e 2,5L/ha). Depois mediu-se o pH e a solução foi vertida em placas de Petri (9 cm de diâmetro), sendo oito placas por tratamento. A testemunha foi os meios de cultura sem o glifosato. Após a solidificação do meio inoculou-se 100μL de Dipel e Agree separadamente. As placas de Petri foram incubadas em BOD a 27±1°C, 70±10% de umidade e 12 horas de fotofase. Após 24 e 48 horas mediu-se o crescimento das colônias e contou-se o número de esporos em câmara de Neubauer. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos ao teste de Tukey a 5% de probabilidade. Pelos dados obtidos conclui-se que não há compatibilidade entre o glifosato e os produtos à base de Bt, uma vez que não houve crescimento das colônias em nenhuma das placas, exceto nas testemunhas

    Monomachus (Hymenoptera, Monomachidae) del bosque lluvioso Atlántico del Estado de São Paulo, Brasil

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    A survey of Monomachus (Hymenoptera, Monomachidae) was carried out with five Malaise traps/area in five areas of Atlantic Rainforest in São Paulo State, Brazil. The sampling effort in all localities amounted to 9,900 traps-day. Data were obtained from a total of 304 exemplars of Monomachus: 66 females and 238 males. The highest occurrence of Monomachus was observed between June and September with a frequency peak in July, and they were most frequent in Parque Estadual Morro do Diabo (PEMD) (350 m above sea level), where the sampling effort to catch each exemplar was 65.1 traps-day. From the sample of females of Monomachus captured in the Parque Estadual Intervales, Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar/Núcleo Santa Virgínia (PESM/NSV), PEMD and Estação Ecológica Juréia Itatins, between December 2009 and December 2010, two species were recognized: M. fuscator (N = 58/87.9%) and M. cubiceps (8/12.1%). In additional samplings in 2011 at PESM/NSV two exemplars of M. klugii recorded only from Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil were obtained, showing that its distribution has extended to São Paulo State. © 2016, Sociedad Colombiana de Entomologia. All rights reserved
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