Are You Being Rhetorical? A Description of Rhetorical Move Annotation Tools and Open Corpus of Sample Machine-Annotated Rhetorical Moves

Writing analytics has emerged as a sub-field of learning analytics, with applications including the provision of formative feedback to students in developing their writing capacities. Rhetorical markers in writing have become a key feature in this feedback, with a number of tools being developed across research and teaching contexts. However, there is no shared corpus of texts annotated by these tools, nor is it clear how the tool annotations compare. Thus, resources are scarce for comparing tools for both tool development and pedagogic purposes. In this paper, we conduct such a comparison and introduce a sample corpus of texts representative of the particular genres, a subset of which has been annotated using three rhetorical analysis tools (one of which has two versions). This paper aims to provide both a description of the tools and a shared dataset in order to support extensions of existing analyses and tool design in support of writing skill development. We intend the description of these tools, which share a focus on rhetorical structures, alongside the corpus, to be a preliminary step to enable further research, with regard to both tool development and tool interaction</jats:p

Direct observation and evolution of electronic coupling between organic semiconductors

The data is in-situ spectroscopic ellipsometry data (mainly for psi and delta) used in the development and application of the DART method. CompleteEASE software from J.A.Woollam company was used for acquisition using RC2 Woollam ellipsometer, and exported in text document format. It can be imported using excel or in python

Global spectral analysis for convection-diffusion-reaction equation in one and two-dimensions: Effects of numerical anti-diffusion and dispersion

Convection-diffusion-reaction (CDR) equation plays a central role in many disciplines of engineering, science and finances. As a consequence, importance of analysis of numerical methods for the accurate solution of CDR equation has motivated the present research. We have used the global spectral analysis to characterize all the three important physical processes in terms of the non-dimensional numerical parameters, namely, the non-dimensional wavenumber (kh); Courant-Friedrich-Lewy (CFL) number, ; the Peclet number (Pe) and the Damkohler number (Da). For the purpose of illustration, we have focused on two space-time discretization schemes known for accuracy and robustness. The basic properties relate to numerical issues arising for the numerical amplification factor, numerical diffusion coefficient, numerical phase speed and numerical group velocity. With the help of model one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) CDR equations, we have reported the numerical property charts for the cases: (i) When all the processes of convection, diffusion and reaction are of same order, with critical numerical behaviour enforcing low values of Da for the 1D CDR equation studied here. (ii) The 2D CDR equation considered is diffusion-reaction dominated, and as a consequence, this enforces Da to be larger. We have thoroughly analyzed these cases to identify the essential roles of anti-diffusion on the critical and Pe values, which in turn decides admissible space and time steps to be used with the discretization schemes. The property charts have been used to calibrate the analysis with two model equations, one of which has an exact solution for a 1D CDR equation, and the second case for the 2D CDR equation has numerical solution available in the literature. These cases help to identify the importance of such analysis in explaining the utility of the choice one can exercise in fixing the numerical parameters. This also identifies and explains some hitherto unknown numerical problems for CDR equation and their alleviation techniques

Close-packed spherical morphology in an ABA triblock copolymer aligned with large-amplitude oscillatory shear

A microphase-separated poly(styrene-b-(lauryl-co-stearyl acrylate)-b-styrene) (SAS) triblock copolymer exhibiting a disordered spherical microstructure with randomly oriented grains was aligned through the application of large-amplitude oscillatory shear (LAOS) at a temperature below the order-disorder transition temperature of the triblock copolymer, yet above the glass transition temperature of the polystyrene spherical domains. The thermoplastic elastomeric behavior of the SAS triblock copolymer provided a convenient means to observe the aligned morphology. Following application of LAOS, the specimen was quenched to room temperature (below the glass transition temperature of polystyrene), and small-angle X-ray scattering data were obtained in the three principal shear directions: shear gradient, velocity, and vorticity directions. The analysis revealed that the SAS triblock copolymer formed coexisting face-centered cubic and hexagonally close-packed spherical microstructures. The presence of a close-packed microstructure is in stark contrast to an extensive body of literature on sphere-forming bulk block copolymers that favor body-centered cubic systems under quiescent conditions and under shear. The aligned microstructure observed in this bulk block copolymer was reminiscent of that observed in various spherical soft material systems such as colloidal spheres, sphere-forming block copolymer solutions, and star polymer solutions. The highly unanticipated observation of close-packed spherical microstructures in a neat block copolymer under shear is hypothesized to originate from the dispersity of the block copolymer

LD多灰度数字驱动的非线性测量与校正系统

在多灰度数字驱动中,P-N结伏安特性是造成LD数字输入编码与输出光功率间产生非线性关系的原因,为了避免非线性对实际应用的影响,设计了测量这两者关系的可编程系统.以此测量数据为基础,根据查表算法,系统还能对非线性进行校正.实验中,利用此系统对半导体垂直腔面发射激光器(VCSEL)的特性进行了测量,结果显示,系统能有效地对LD的输入编码与输出光功率之间的非线性关系进行校正,能实现对LD的256级线性驱动

Lack of Smad3 signaling leads to impaired skeletal muscle regeneration.

Smad3 is a key intracellular signaling mediator for both transforming growth factor-β and myostatin, two major regulators of skeletal muscle growth. Previous published work has revealed pronounced muscle atrophy together with impaired satellite cell functionality in Smad3-null muscles. In the present study, we have further validated a role for Smad3 signaling in skeletal muscle regeneration. Here, we show that Smad3-null mice had incomplete recovery of muscle weight and myofiber size after muscle injury. Histological/immunohistochemical analysis suggested impaired inflammatory response and reduced number of activated myoblasts during the early stages of muscle regeneration in the tibialis anterior muscle of Smad3-null mice. Nascent myofibers formed after muscle injury were also reduced in number. Moreover, Smad3-null regenerated muscle had decreased oxidative enzyme activity and impaired mitochondrial biogenesis, evident by the downregulation of the gene encoding mitochondrial transcription factor A, a master regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis. Consistent with known Smad3 function, reduced fibrotic tissue formation was also seen in regenerated Smad3-null muscle. In conclusion, Smad3 deficiency leads to impaired muscle regeneration, which underscores an essential role of Smad3 in postnatal myogenesis. Given the negative role of myostatin during muscle regeneration, the increased expression of myostatin observed in Smad3-null muscle may contribute to the regeneration defects

A Supervised Learning Model for the Automatic Assessment of Language Levels Based on Learner Errors

International audienceThis paper focuses on the use of technology in language learning. Language training requires the need to group learners homogeneously and to provide them with instant feedback on their productions such as errors [8, 15, 17] or proficiency levels. A possible approach is to assess writings from students and assign them with a level. This paper analyses the possibility of automatically predicting Common European Framework of Reference (CEFR) language levels on the basis of manually annotated errors in a written learner corpus [9, 11]. The research question is to evaluate the predictive power of errors in terms of levels and to identify which error types appear to be criterial features in determining interlanguage stages. Results show that specific errors such as punctuation, spelling and verb tense are significant at specific CEFR levels