Infants and Toddlers Biometric Recognition: A Review

Infants that is newborn babies and toddlers constitute the 11% of population in India. Security and healthcare of them plays important role worldwide. Illegal adoption, swapping of newborns, abduction from hospitals, mixing and drug delivery are the global challenges faced by this community. In India AADHAAR card of toddlers is dependent on the biometrics of their parents. Biometric based recognition of infants and toddlers can play a vital role to minimize these problems. Adult recognition using biometric is already reached its matured stage but meager amount of work has been done for infants and toddlers biometric recognition. Biometric recognition of infants and toddlers itself have many challenges like database collection, changes in biometrics like face over the period of time, rigidity of parents for giving the details of their ward. This paper presents a detail review on different biometrics and their challenges for infants and toddlers. Till date the efficiency of the biometric algorithms for infants and toddlers is not up to the mark and has to travel a long path to reach the mark. In depth research is required to evaluate the efficiency of the biometric recognition system for infants and toddlers. In the literature maximum recognition rate achieved is 98 % for the database of 101 newbor

Infants and Toddlers Biometric Recognition: A Review

Infants that is newborn babies and toddlers constitute the 11% of population in India. Security and healthcare of them plays important role worldwide. Illegal adoption, swapping of newborns, abduction from hospitals, mixing and drug delivery are the global challenges faced by this community. In India AADHAAR card of toddlers is dependent on the biometrics of their parents. Biometric based recognition of infants and toddlers can play a vital role to minimize these problems. Adult recognition using biometric is already reached its matured stage but meager amount of work has been done for infants and toddlers biometric recognition. Biometric recognition of infants and toddlers itself have many challenges like database collection, changes in biometrics like face over the period of time, rigidity of parents for giving the details of their ward. This paper presents a detail review on different biometrics and their challenges for infants and toddlers. Till date the efficiency of the biometric algorithms for infants and toddlers is not up to the mark and has to travel a long path to reach the mark. In depth research is required to evaluate the efficiency of the biometric recognition system for infants and toddlers. In the literature maximum recognition rate achieved is 98 % for the database of 101 newborns

Infants and Toddlers Biometric Recognition: A Review

Infants that is newborn babies and toddlersconstitute the 11% of population in India. Security andhealthcare of them plays important role worldwide.Illegal adoption, swapping of newborns, abduction fromhospitals, mixing and drug delivery are the globalchallenges faced by this community. In IndiaAADHAAR card of toddlers is dependent on thebiometrics of their parents. Biometric based recognitionof infants and toddlers can play a vital role to minimizethese problems. Adult recognition using biometric isalready reached its matured stage but meager amountof work has been done for infants and toddlersbiometric recognition. Biometric recognition of infantsand toddlers itself have many challenges like databasecollection, changes in biometrics like face over theperiod of time, rigidity of parents for giving the detailsof their ward. This paper presents a detail review ondifferent biometrics and their challenges for infants andtoddlers. Till date the efficiency of the biometricalgorithms for infants and toddlers is not up to themark and has to travel a long path to reach the mark.In depth research is required to evaluate the efficiencyof the biometric recognition system for infants andtoddlers. In the literature maximum recognition rateachieved is 98 % for the database of 101 newborns

Ecofriendly Synthesis of Anisotropic Gold Nanoparticles: A Potential Candidate of SERS Studies

Ecofriendly synthesis of nanoparticles has been inspiring to nanotechnologists especially for biomedical applications. Moreover, anisotropic particle synthesis is an attractive option due to decreased symmetry of such particles often leads to new and unusual chemical and physical behaviour. This paper reports a single-step room-temperature synthesis of gold nanotriangles using a cheap bioresource of reducing and stabilizing agent Piper betle leaf extract. On treating aqueous chloroauric acid solution with Piper betle leaf extract, after 12 hr, complete reduction of the chloroaurate ions was observed leading to the formation of flat and single crystalline gold nanotriangles. These gold nanotriangles can be exploited in photonics, optical coating, optoelectronics, magnetism, catalysis, chemical sensing, and so forth, and are a potential candidate of SERS studies

Effect of calcination on structural, morphological and photoelectrochemical performance of SnO2/TiO2 nanostructure films

In the present work, one dimensional rutile-TiO2nanoneedles (NNs) and nanorods (NRs) were grown directly on transparent conductive fluorine-doped SnO2-coated (FTO) glass substrates by chemical bath deposition (CBD) method using titanium (III) chloride as the precursor, followed by calcination at two different temperatures. The heat treatment leads to the conversion of TiO2 nanoneedles into nanorods with reduction in length and enhancement in diameter. The TiO2 nanostructure displayed a diameter range of 11.3–21.7 nm and a length range of 97.7–55.8 nm. The photoelectrochemical evaluation showed that rutile-TiO2 nanostructure exhibited excellent stability upon annealing in a temperature range of 200–400 °C. Optical studies showed that rutile-TiO2 nanostructure has a high absorption coefficient and a direct band gap. The band gap decreased slightly (3.14–3.03 eV) with increasing calcination temperature. The ease of deposition of rutile-TiO2 nanostructure with different morphologies at low temperature provides a new insight for potential applications in solar cells, sensors, catalysis and separation technology

Effect of calcination on structural, morphological and photoelectrochemical performance of SnO2/TiO2 nanostructure films

In the present work, one dimensional rutile-TiO2nanoneedles (NNs) and nanorods (NRs) were grown directly on transparent conductive fluorine-doped SnO2-coated (FTO) glass substrates by chemical bath deposition (CBD) method using titanium (III) chloride as the precursor, followed by calcination at two different temperatures. The heat treatment leads to the conversion of TiO2 nanoneedles into nanorods with reduction in length and enhancement in diameter. The TiO2 nanostructure displayed a diameter range of 11.3–21.7 nm and a length range of 97.7–55.8 nm. The photoelectrochemical evaluation showed that rutile-TiO2 nanostructure exhibited excellent stability upon annealing in a temperature range of 200–400 °C. Optical studies showed that rutile-TiO2 nanostructure has a high absorption coefficient and a direct band gap. The band gap decreased slightly (3.14–3.03 eV) with increasing calcination temperature. The ease of deposition of rutile-TiO2 nanostructure with different morphologies at low temperature provides a new insight for potential applications in solar cells, sensors, catalysis and separation technology