A population of extreme mid-to-near-infrared sources: obscured AGN and dusty starbursts

We present a sample of mid-infrared detected sources from the European Large Area ISO Survey (ELAIS) regions characterised by strong mid-IR radiation with faint near-IR and optical counterparts. These extreme mid-to-near-IR objects (EMNOs) are defined here by a flux ratio of f_15um / f_2.2um > 25. This population is not obvious in deeper small area ISO surveys, though it produces more than 20% of the observed cosmic IR background radiation (CIRB) at 15um above 1 mJy. Near-future large area deep mid-IR surveys with the Spitzer Space Telescope, however, are bound to uncover large amounts of these objects, which we argue to most likely be obscured AGN, based on SED shapes and X-ray data. Very strong dusty starbursts at z>1 may also have high mid-to-near-IR flux ratios, but using the MIR/NIR and FIR/MIR ratios these may be separated. Most of our EMNOs appear to be ULIRGs, half are also extremely red objects (ERO). A curious case of a low redshift, less luminous object with a very young stellar population is also found. We predict that the simple broad band selection method makes EMNOs a useful window into high-redshift obscured nuclear activity and its sought after relation to star-formation, in a similar way that EROs have been used to define samples of high-redshift early type galaxies.Comment: 8 pages, 3 figures. A&A accepted version. Results unchanged but discussion is significantly expande

Anglicisms in Czech

Anglicisms are becoming more widespread in many world languages, Czech being no exception to this. The Czech language has been exposed openly to the Western influences since the fall of Communism and the development in modern technology and the prevailing general trends have caused a flood of English loanwords to enter the language. The aim of this research was to see how these new English loanwords and influences have affected the Czech language and to see if it would be possible to find any variation between the language usage of different generations or the genders. Also various topics such as hi-tech and sports were studied to see if there would be differences in the amount of loanwords between them. To get the most up-to-date picture of these loanwords in the Czech language, four different newspapers were researched and then based on these findings a questionnaire was drawn. The questionnaire had two parts, the first consisting of word pairs in which one of the words was a domestic word and the other a loanword. The point in here was to see how people would react to the different types of loanwords. The second part of the questionnaire required the respondents to compose a short piece of writing in Czech. The idea behind this was to see if such a short piece of writing would include many loanwords or whether they really only come to play when one needs to add flavour, for example when writing a longer newspaper article. The results revealed that the younger generations are more likely to accept new loanwords than the older generations. It would seem that the young people have a better knowledge of the new loanwords and their original forms due to their interests in modern technology and therefore they are also more unwilling to accept the Czechified forms of these words. There were no big differences found in the language usage between the genders. The volume of loanwords varied hugely between the topics, the terminology around hi-tech having the largest amount of loanwords

Perception and Experience of Teacher Educators about Their Motivation: A Case Study Approach

This study was designed to explore the perception and experiences of motivation of teacher educators of the universities of Sindh province of Pakistan. The data was collected and analysed through case study approach, the qualitative research design and thematic-narrative analysis technique. The total twenty-one teacher educators revealed their stories in the form of narratives about their motivation. The findings of this article would be found suitable, authentic and reliable resource, which would be an excellent addition in to the existing literature of motivation in order to understand the phenomenon, its process and causations