Track clustering with a quantum annealer for primary vertex reconstruction at hadron colliders

Clustering of charged particle tracks along the beam axis is the first step in reconstructing the positions of hadronic interactions, also known as primary vertices, at hadron collider experiments. We use a 2036 qubit D-Wave quantum annealer to perform track clustering in a limited capacity on artificial events where the positions of primary vertices and tracks resemble those measured by the Compact Muon Solenoid experiment at the Large Hadron Collider. The algorithm, which is not a classical-quantum hybrid but relies entirely on quantum annealing, is tested on a variety of event topologies from 2 primary vertices and 10 tracks up to 5 primary vertices and 15 tracks. It is benchmarked against simulated annealing executed on a commercial CPU constrained to the same processor time per anneal as time in the physical annealer, and performance is found to be comparable for small numbers of vertices with an intriguing advantage noted for 2 vertices and 16 tracks

Response to polarization and weak topology in Chern insulators

Chern insulators present a topological obstruction to a smooth gauge in their Bloch wave functions that prevents the construction of exponentially-localized Wannier functions - this makes the electric polarization ill-defined. Here, we show that spatial or temporal differences in polarization within Chern insulators are well-defined and physically meaningful because they account for bound charges and adiabatic currents. We further show that the difference in polarization across Chern-insulator regions can be quantized in the presence of crystalline symmetries, leading to "weak" symmetry-protected topological phases. These phases exhibit charge fractional quantization at the edge and corner interfaces and with concomitant topological states. We also generalize our findings to quantum spin-Hall insulators and 3D topological insulators. Our work settles a long-standing question and deems the bulk polarization as the fundamental quantity with a "bulk-boundary correspondence", regardless of whether a Wannier representation is possible

Prevalence of two-dimensional photonic topology

The topological characteristics of photonic crystals have been the subject of intense research in recent years. Despite this, the basic question of whether photonic band topology is rare or abundant -- i.e., its relative prevalence -- remains unaddressed. Here, we determine the prevalence of stable, fragile, and higher-order photonic topology in the 11 two-dimensional crystallographic symmetry settings that admit diagnosis of one or more of these phenomena by symmetry analysis. Our determination is performed on the basis of a data set of 550000 randomly sampled, two-tone photonic crystals, spanning 11 symmetry settings and 5 dielectric contrasts, and examined in both transverse electric (TE) and magnetic (TM) polarizations. We report the abundance of nontrivial photonic topology in the presence of time-reversal symmetry and find that stable, fragile, and higher-order topology are generally abundant. Below the first band gap, which is of primary experimental interest, we find that stable topology is more prevalent in the TE polarization than the TM; is only weakly, but monotonically, dependent on dielectric contrast; and that fragile topology is near-absent. In the absence of time-reversal symmetry, nontrivial Chern phases are also abundant in photonic crystals with 2-, 4-, and 6-fold rotational symmetries but comparatively rare in settings with only 3-fold symmetry. Our results elucidate the interplay of symmetry, dielectric contrast, electromagnetic polarization, and time-reversal breaking in engendering topological photonic phases and may inform general design principles for their experimental realization

A comparative study of hematological profile on presentation in confirmed cases of malaria, dengue and leptospirosis

Background: Malaria, leptospirosis and dengue fever are the predominant monsoon related illnesses in the Indian subcontinent causing considerable mortality and morbidity. These have similar clinical profile and derangement in one or more haematological parameters. We have studied the haematological profile at presentation to differentiate one infection from the other as it presents a significant diagnostic challenge to the treating physician.Methods: A prospective observational study of haematological profile in a total of 336 patients of malaria (plasmodium falciparum, plasmodium vivax and mixed malaria), dengue and leptospirosis were conducted over a period of 1 year in a tertiary care centre in western Maharashtra.Results: In the age group of 20-40 years all the infectious subgroups were observed to have the maximum number of patients with a male preponderance. Maximum frequency of Haemoglobin in leptospirosis was 7-10gm%. Maximum mortality in mixed malaria and leptospirosis was seen with haemoglobin levels <7gm%. In P. vivax malaria, P. falciparum malaria and dengue mortality was not seen in patients with Hb<7gm%.Conclusions: Leucocytosis is most commonly seen in leptospirosis. Patients presenting with leucopenia are most likely to have P. vivax malaria. Mixed malaria was most likely to have thrombocytopenia on presentation. Haemoglobin of <7gm% in leptospirosis and mixed malaria probably predicts a poor outcome

Topological Phases of Photonic Crystals under Crystalline Symmetries

Photonic crystals (PhCs) have emerged as a popular platform for realizing various topological phases due to their flexibility and potential for device applications. In this article, we present a comprehensive classification of topological bands in one- and two dimensional photonic crystals, with and without time-reversal symmetry. Our approach exploits the symmetry representations of field eigenmodes at high-symmetry points in momentum space, allowing for the efficient design of a wide range of topological PhCs. In particular, we show that the complete classification provided here is useful for diagnosing photonic crystal analogs of obstructed atomic limits, fragile phases, and stable topological phases that include bands with Dirac points and Chern numbers

Anti-Anxiety and Antidepressant Activity of Ethanolic Extract of Dalbergia Sissoo for Anxiety and Depression in Ovariectomized Rats

There are studies showing the effects of long-term ovarian hormones withdrawal and post-menopause on animal behavior. Ovarian hormones play a critical role is modulating anxiety and depressive symptoms in female. Thus, this current study evaluated the anxiety and depression of long-term ovariectomy (OVX) in adult rats subjected to the light and dark chamber and forced swimming tests. In this study, we tested the effect of hydroalcoholic extract of Dalbergia sissoo on female anxiety and depression in long-term postsurgical bilateral ovariectomized female rats. 6-month old female Wistar rats were used and distributed in 5 groups; diestrus rats, ovariectomized (OVX) groups with 60 days, OVX treated with standard β Estradiol (0.1mg/kg/s.c), OVX treated hydroalcoholic extract of Dalbergia sissoo (200 &amp; 400 mg/kg). All treatments were given for further 28 days after post-surgical period (60 days) in ovariectomized female rats. They were evaluated on the 28th day in the light and dark chamber and forced swim test apparatus. The treatment of the hydroalcoholic extract of Dalbergia sissoo (200 and 400 mg/kg) in the OVX rats shows significant increase in the time spent in the light chamber and the immobility time was significantly decrease in the extracted treated groups as compared to the OVX group. Anxiety-like and depressive-like behaviors were observed in rats which were influenced by post-menopause or ovarian hormone withdrawal. Results suggested that 28 days of treatment with hydroalcoholic extract of Dalbergia sissoo is able to lower the anxiety levels and depression in estrogen deficient females. Keywords: Dalbergia sissoo, Post menopause, Anxiety, Depression, Light dark box, Forced swim test

Weyl points on non-orientable manifolds

Weyl fermions are hypothetical chiral particles that can also manifest as excitations near three-dimensional band crossing points in lattice systems. These quasiparticles are subject to the Nielsen-Ninomiya "no-go" theorem when placed on a lattice, requiring the total chirality across the Brillouin zone to vanish. This constraint results from the topology of the (orientable) manifold on which they exist. Here, we ask to what extent the concepts of topology and chirality of Weyl points remain well-defined when the underlying manifold is non-orientable. We show that the usual notion of chirality becomes ambiguous in this setting, allowing for systems with a non-zero total chirality. Furthermore, we discover that Weyl points on non-orientable manifolds carry an additional $\mathbb{Z}_2$ topological invariant which satisfies a different no-go theorem. We implement such Weyl points by imposing a non-symmorphic symmetry in the momentum space of lattice models. Finally, we experimentally realize all aspects of their phenomenology in a photonic platform with synthetic momenta. Our work highlights the subtle but crucial interplay between the topology of quasiparticles and of their underlying manifold

Application of Liposomes in Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis: Quo Vadis

The most common treatments for rheumatoid arthritis include nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), corticosteroids, disease modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), and some biological agents. However, none of the treatments available is able to achieve the ultimate goal of treatment, that is, drug-free remission. This limitation has shifted the focus of treatment to delivery strategies with an ability to deliver the drugs into the synovial cavity in the proper dosage while mitigating side effects to other tissues. A number of approaches like microemulsions, microspheres, liposomes, microballoons, cocrystals, nanoemulsions, dendrimers, microsponges, and so forth, have been used for intrasynovial delivery of these drugs. Amongst these, liposomes have proven to be very effective for retaining the drug in the synovial cavity by virtue of their size and chemical composition. The fast clearance of intra-synovially administered drugs can be overcome by use of liposomes leading to increased uptake of drugs by the target synovial cells, which in turn reduces the exposure of nontarget sites and eliminates most of the undesirable effects associated with therapy. This review focuses on the use of liposomes in treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and summarizes data relating to the liposome formulations of various drugs. It also discusses emerging trends of this promising technology