The incidence of retinopathy of prematurity in different gestational ages

Introduction: Since retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a preventable cause of blindness in children, evaluation of declared criteria for their screening is crucial. The aim of this study is to evaluate the incidence of the disease in Nikukari Eye Hospital according to gestational age and neonatal birth weight. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, after determining the frequency of neonatal retinopathy based on patients referred to the ROP clinic, neonates were divided into groups of 500 to 1000 g, 1001 to 1500 g, 1501 to 2000 g, and above 2000 g, and 28 weeks, 28-30 weeks, 30-32 weeks, 32-34 weeks, and over 34 weeks, and the frequency of ROP in each group was compared. Results: In the present study, 661 cases were evaluated, of which 93 infants (14.1%) had ROP. The mean±standard deviation of birth weight of patients with ROP was 1199.51±406.80 g and was significantly lower than those without ROP who had a mean birth weight of 2022.69±649.73 g (P=0.001). The mean±standard deviation (SD) of gestational age of patients with ROP was 29.22±2.67 weeks and was significantly lower than non-ROP patients, who had a mean gestational age of 33.41±2.73 weeks (P=0.001). Conclusion: The results of our study showed that 13 newborns weighing between 1500 and 2000 g were affected by the disease, which indicates the importance of ongoing screening in this group of children

Oral Health Indices in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Receiving Insulin Treatment Compared With Metformin: A Cross-sectional Study

Objectives: Due to the important influence of glycemic control on oral health, this study aimed to compare the gingival index and decayed, missing, filled teeth (DMFT) in participants with type 2 diabetes mellitus receiving insulin and metformin. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 130 participants with type 2 diabetes mellitus treated with insulin and metformin were studied in two groups based on the type of treatment. The information for DMFT and gingival indices were obtained using the oral examination. In the insulin group, participants received insulin Lantus 0.2 unit/kg once daily, and in the metformin group, participants received metformin tablets 500 mg every 12 hours. Glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) was measured by lab test in all participants. Finally, HbA1c, the information of DMFT, and gingival indices were compared between the two groups. Results: The results showed that there were no statistically significant differences in decayed, missed, and restored teeth, as well as the overall DMFT index between the two groups. The gingival index was significantly higher in the insulin group (P=0.046). Conclusions: Gingival health of insulin users is poorer than metformin users, but it seems that type of diabetes treatment does not affect the DMFT inde

Relationship between thyroid hormone levels in euthyroid patients before HSCT and time to achieve neutrophil and platelet engraftment: an analytical cross-sectional study

Introduction. The time to reach neutrophil (NE) and platelet engraftment (PE) in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is one of the most important factors indicating transplantation survival. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between thyroid hormone levels before HSCT and the time to achieve NE and PE. Material and methods. The relationship between thyroid hormone levels before HSCT, age, gender, type of HSCT, type of disease and cluster of differentiation 34+ (CD34+) cell count and the number of days to reach NE and PE was examined in 37 clinically and laboratorially euthyroid patients. Results. An odds ratio (OR) of > 6 was observed in the probability of time to NE > 10 days in patients with thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) > 2.89 mU/L in the upper normal range (UNR) and male patients, also in the probability of time to PE > 15 days in patients with TSH > 2.89 mU/L in the UNR. Statistically significant p-value and confidence interval were found in the probability of time to NE > 10 days in male patients (OR = 8.58, p-value = 0.036) and time to PE > 15 days in patients with TSH > 2.89 mU/L in the UNR (OR = 14.32, p-value = 0.041). Conclusions. Treatment with low dose levothyroxine can be cautiously recommended to achieve TSH to ≤2.8 mU/L in the lower normal range before performing HSCT in euthyroid patients, which will reduce the times to NE and PE and help earlier discharge of patients

Effects of levothyroxine replacement therapy on insulin resistance in patients with untreated primary hypothyroidism

Abstract Objectives This study investigated the effects of levothyroxine replacement therapy on insulin resistance, lipid profile, and thyroid function in patients with untreated primary hypothyroidism. 105 patients with hypothyroidism with indication for levothyroxine replacement were enrolled in the present study. Insulin, fasting blood glucose and lipid profile were assessed at the beginning of diagnosis and three months after levothyroxine replacement. Insulin resistance was calculated by hemostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI). Results Our data revealed a significant reduction in body mass index (27.18 ± 4.27 versus 26.81 ± 4.18 kg/m2, p = 0.028), cholesterol (199.79 ± 37.61 versus 178.10 ± 32.25 mg/dl, p < 0.001), triglyceride (160.41 ± 71.86 versus 146 ± 61.11 mg/dl, p = 0.012), low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (123.54 ± 30.7 versus 107.08 ± 26.98 mg/dl, p < 0.001), fasting insulin (8.91 ± 3.92 versus 8.05 ± 2.65 mIU/l, p < 0.001), and thyroid stimulating hormone (47.47 ± 3.4 versus 2.22 ± 1.84 µIU/ml, p < 0.001) levels before and after drug intervention. However, no statistical differences were observed in HOMA-IR, QUICKI, and high density lipoprotein-cholesterol. In conclusion, in patients with untreated primary hypothyroidism, levothyroxine replacement therapy based on HOMA-IR and QUICKI did not improve insulin resistance; however, lipid profile was significantly improved following levothyroxine administration. Trial registration This study was registered in the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT) with ID number: IRCT20130610013612N10 on the date 2019-09-02