14 research outputs found
Exploring the potential association between brominated diphenyl ethers, polychlorinated biphenyls, organochlorine pesticides, perfluorinated compounds, phthalates, and bisphenol a in polycystic ovary syndrome: a case–control study
Exploring the potential association between brominated diphenyl ethers, polychlorinated biphenyls, organochlorine pesticides, perfluorinated compounds, phthalates, and bisphenol a in polycystic ovary syndrome: a case–control study
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Socioeconomic status and achievement in math and reading in kindergarten through elementary school: The role of social capital
Achievement in the early school years has long been an issue of great concern in the United States. Over the years, much attention has been paid to the role of family background in predicting school success. Children from higher socioeconomic status (SES) families perform better in school, on average, than their lower SES peers. More recently, the role of social capital in predicting achievement has been investigated. This study employs the Early Child Longitudinal Study -- Kindergarten Cohort (ECLS-K) and utilizes Latent Growth Curve modeling to investigate the effects of specific SES variables (household income, maternal education, paternal education, maternal occupation, and paternal occupation) and home social capital variables (parental involvement, parental expectations, two parents in the home, number of siblings in the home, extended family in the home, whether mother worked between child\u27s birth and entry to Kindergarten, and changes in the home) on achievement in reading and math from Kindergarten through elementary school. Interactions between SES and social capital variables are also investigated.Results indicate that most of the SES variables and several social capital variables predicted achievement in math and reading. Most social capital variables also moderated the effects of specific SES variables on achievement in math and reading
Tracking preschool children with developmental delay: Third grade outcomes
Abstract Educational outcomes were evaluated for 2,046 preschool children identified with developmental delay. Results indicated that at third grade, 26% were in regular education and the remaining 74% were receiving special education services. The most common disability classifications at outcome were specific learning disabilities and educable mentally handicaps. Regular education, but not special education, children had higher retention rates than did the general population. The presence of one or more secondary exceptionalities in preschool was more common for special education than regular education children. Regular education and special education children did not differ on other factors studied. This study highlights the importance of developmental delay as an exceptionality category and advances our understanding of the long-term implications of such delay
Identification of Early Risk Factors for Developmental Delay
Statewide birth certificate and preschool exceptionality records were integrated to identify risk factors for developmental delay (DD). Epidemiological methods were used to investigate both individual-level and population-level risk for DD associated with a number of child and maternal factors. Infants born with very low birth weight were at the greatest individual-level risk for DD, whereas prematurity (gestational age less than 37 weeks) and low maternal education posed the greatest population-level risk. For comparative purposes, individual-level risk for speech disability and other developmental disabilities was also determined. The individual-level risk associated with nearly all factors was significantly greater for DD than for speech disability or other developmental disabilities. The present study suggests that information available from birth certificate records can be used to target screening and early intervention services for children at high risk with the goal of reducing the incidence of DD and subsequent associated disabilities
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Early Risk Factors for Speech and Language Impairments
Developmental epidemiological methods were used to identify risk factors for speech impairment (SI), specific language impairment (SLI), and combined speech and language impairment (CSLI) in a statewide sample of preschool-age children. Level of risk was determined by comparing the rate of occurrence of factors between 12,799 children with SI, SLI, or CSLI and a comparison group of 946,177 children. Multiple birth, presence of a newborn condition, presence of a congenital abnormality, maternal age greater than 35 years, and presence of a maternal medical history factor were associated with increased risk for SI, SLI, and CSLI. Prematurity and very low birthweight were significant risk factors for SLI and CSLI but not for SI. Prenatal exposure to alcohol was a significant risk factor for SI but not SLI and CSLI. Low maternal education and unwed marital status were associated with a decreased risk for speech and/or language impairments, indicating a potential identification bias. The study presented here demonstrates the potential for identifying children at birth who are at increased risk for speech and language impairments
Integrating pharmacies into public health program planning for pandemic influenza vaccine response
Public Health Needs Assessments of Tutuila Island, American Samoa, After the 2009 Tsunami
Evaluation of the Pyrrolizidine Alkaloid Induced Liver Disease (PAILD) Active Surveillance System in Tigray, Ethiopia
Pyrrolizidine Alkaloid Induced Liver Disease has been an emerging public health problem in the Tigray region in Ethiopia since 2002, with 1033 cases, including 314 deaths, detected as of September 2011. Disease surveillance started in 2009 to determine the magnitude and distribution of the disease, to detect and manage cases, and to inform officials for resource allocation. Despite limited resources and logistical challenges, the system operated at a high standard and met its original objectives. Maintenance of this high level of operation will be an ongoing challenge but will be critical to ensure continual disease monitoring through this system