Horizontal gene transfer dynamics and distribution of fitness effects during microbial in silico evolution

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) is a process that facilitates the transfer of genetic material between organisms that are not directly related, and thus can affect both the rate of evolution and emergence of traits. Recent phylogenetic studies reveal HGT events are likely ubiquitous in the Tree of Life. However, our knowledge of HGT's role in evolution and biological organization is very limited, mainly due to the lack of ancestral evolutionary signatures and the difficulty to observe complex evolutionary dynamics in a laboratory setting. Here, we utilize a multi-scale microbial evolution model to comprehensively study the effect of HGT on the evolution of complex traits and organization of gene regulatory networks.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Large-scale simulations reveal a distinct signature of the Distribution of Fitness Effect (DFE) for HGT events: during evolution, while mutation fitness effects become more negative and neutral, HGT events result in a balanced effect distribution. In either case, lethal events are significantly decreased during evolution (33.0% to 3.2%), a clear indication of mutational robustness. Interestingly, evolution was accelerated when populations were exposed to correlated environments of increasing complexity, especially in the presence of HGT, a phenomenon that warrants further investigation. High HGT rates were found to be disruptive, while the average transferred fragment size was linked to functional module size in the underlying biological network. Network analysis reveals that HGT results in larger regulatory networks, but with the same sparsity level as those evolved in its absence. Observed phenotypic variability and co-existing solutions were traced to individual gain/loss of function events, while subsequent re-wiring after fragment integration was necessary for complex traits to emerge.</p

Discutindo a educação ambiental no cotidiano escolar: desenvolvimento de projetos na escola formação inicial e continuada de professores

A presente pesquisa buscou discutir como a Educação Ambiental (EA) vem sendo trabalhada, no Ensino Fundamental e como os docentes desta escola compreendem e vem inserindo a EA no cotidiano escolar., em uma escola estadual do município de Tangará da Serra/MT, Brasil. Para tanto, realizou-se entrevistas com os professores que fazem parte de um projeto interdisciplinar de EA na escola pesquisada. Verificou-se que o projeto da escola não vem conseguindo alcançar os objetivos propostos por: desconhecimento do mesmo, pelos professores; formação deficiente dos professores, não entendimento da EA como processo de ensino-aprendizagem, falta de recursos didáticos, planejamento inadequado das atividades. A partir dessa constatação, procurou-se debater a impossibilidade de tratar do tema fora do trabalho interdisciplinar, bem como, e principalmente, a importância de um estudo mais aprofundado de EA, vinculando teoria e prática, tanto na formação docente, como em projetos escolares, a fim de fugir do tradicional vínculo “EA e ecologia, lixo e horta”.Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educació

Involvement of xanthine oxidase and hypoxia-inducible factor 1 in Toll-like receptor 7/8-mediated activation of caspase 1 and interleukin-1?

Inflammatory reactions to ssRNA viruses are induced by the endosomal Toll-like receptors (TLRs) 7 and 8. TLR7/8-mediated inflammatory reaction results in activation of the Nalp3 inflammasome via an unknown mechanism. Here we report for the first time that TLR7/8 mediate activation of xanthine oxidase (XOD) in an HIF-1?-dependent manner. XOD produces uric acid and reactive oxygen species, which could activate Nalp3 and therefore induce activation of caspase 1, known to convert inactive pro-IL-1? into active IL-1?. Specific inhibition of the XOD activity attenuates TLR7/8-mediated activation of caspase 1 and IL-1? release. These results were obtained using human THP-1 myeloid macrophages. The findings were verified by conducting in vivo experiments on mice

Научные журналы по библиотековедению, библиографоведению и книговедению: история, реалии, перспективы

The article presents the presentations of the participants of the round table “Scientific Journals on Library Science, Bibliography Science and Book Studies: History, Realities, Prospects (to the 70th anniversary of the journal “Bibliotekovedenie” (Library Science)”, which took place on April 19, 2022 within the framework of the International Scientific and Practical Conference “Rumyantsev Readings — 2022”. The paper reflects the place and role of the professional scientific journals in the development of communications that contribute to the preservation of libraries as cultural heritage institutions and form the human capital and cultural potential of all generations of Russian citizens.The journal “Library Science”, established in 1952, became the nationwide scientific periodical of the library sector. Participants described in their speeches the characteristics of the publication activity of some Russian journals, professional periodicals of Belarus, Kazakhstan, Azerbaijan and the international scientific journal “Libri”. The authors highlighted the peculiarities of the creation of periodicals of the designated subject, their functioning, the management models used, the diversity of elements of publication policy and design: regional differences, typological characteristics of the founders, departmental affiliation, cultural traditions, the uniqueness of the historical conditions of creation, etc.The discussion resulted in unanimous recognition of the significant role of professional scientific periodicals in supporting the scientific infrastructure of libraries and providing methodological support of the sector, including research practices, as well as atmosphere of creativity and creative competencies. In the future, the journals are considered as points of growth of professional knowledge, interdisciplinary thinking and cultural communications, activators of the socio-cultural space.Представлены выступления участников круглого стола «Научные журналы по библиотековедению, библиографоведению и книговедению: история, реалии, перспективы (к 70-летию журнала “Библиотековедение”)», который состоялся 19 апреля 2022 г. в рамках Международной научно-практической конференции «Румянцевские чтения — 2022». Отражены место и роль профессиональных научных журналов в развитии коммуникаций, способствующих сохранению библиотек как учреждений культурного наследия и формирующих человеческий капитал и культурный потенциал всех поколений граждан России.Журнал «Библиотековедение», созданный в 1952 г., стал общенациональным научным периодическим изданием библиотечной отрасли, задачи которого в разные периоды фокусировались на проблемах становления библиотек как активных участников процессов, происходящих в обществе, и их отражении в научных исследованиях. «Библиотековедение» остается признанным и наиболее авторитетным журналом.В выступлениях участников были отмечены характеристики публикационной активности некоторых российских журналов, профессиональной периодики Беларуси, Казахстана, Азербайджана и международного научного журнала Libri.Выделены особенности создания периодических изданий обозначенной тематики, их функционирования, используемых управленческих моделей, разнообразие элементов публикационной политики и оформления: региональные различия, типологические характеристики учредителей, ведомственная принадлежность, культурные традиции, уникальность исторических условий создания и др.Итогом обсуждения стало единодушное признание значимой роли профессиональной научной периодики в поддержке научной инфраструктуры библиотек и методического обеспечения отрасли, включая исследовательские практики, атмосферу творчества и креативных компетенций. В перспективе журналы рассматриваются как точки роста профессиональных знаний, междисциплинарного мышления и культурных коммуникаций, активаторы социокультурного пространства

Alirocumab and cardiovascular outcomes after acute coronary syndrome

BACKGROUN

Alirocumab and Cardiovascular Outcomes after Acute Coronary Syndrome

BACKGROUN