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Not AvailableOF INDIA'S 328M HA AREA , 175 M HA ARE EXPERIENCING INTENSIVE SOIL EROSION AS A RESULT OF EXTENSIVE DEFORESTATION AND POOR LAND MANAGEMENT . THE LESSER HIMALAYAS AND SHIWALIKS ARE SOME OF THE MOST SERIOUSLY AFFECTED AREAS. THIS PAPER OUTLINES THE UNDERLYING GEOLOGY AND CLIMATE PARTLY RESPONSIBLE FOR THEIR HIGH DEGREE OF VULNERABILITY OF SOIL EROSION. CAREFUL SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION MEASURES , WHEN APPLIED TO SMALL MOUNTAINS CATCHMENTS , CAN SIGNIFICANTLY REDUCE SOIL LOSSES , CORRECT HYDROLOGICAL IMBALANCES AND IMPROVE AGRICULTURAL AND FORESTRY PRODUCTIVITY , LEADING IN TURN TO A REDUCTION IN THE RATE OF RESERVOIR SILTATION. DATA FROM SPECIFIC TREATMENTS ARE INTRODUCED . IT IS CONCLUDED THAT GREATLY ACCELERATED IMPLEMENTATION OF THESE MEASURES IS NOW URGENTLY NEEDED.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableTHE PAPER BRINGS OUT THE VARIABLE RATE OF SOIL LOSS UNDER DIFFERENT RESOURCE REGIONS, BASED ON THE RESULTS OBTAINED AT CSWCRTI , DEHRADUN AND ITS RESEARCH CENTRES. SPECIFIC PACKAGES OF PRACTICES HAVE BEEN PROPOSED FOR HILL , RAVINE AND BLACK SOILS REGIONS. THE PACKAGES INCLUDE VARIOUS COMBINATIONS OF TREATMENTS COVERING SOIL MANAGEMENT, AGRONOMIC AND BIOLOGICAL MEASURES, ENGINEERING STRUCTURES , HYDROLOGICAL AND SEDIMENTATION DETAILS FOR CULTIVATED AREAS, FORESTS GRASSLANDS , TORRENTS LANDSLIDES ETC . THE PAPER ALSO DEALS WITH THE WATERSHED APPROACH , TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER, INVOLVEMENT OF PEOPLE AND TRAINING OF PERSONNEL. WHILE GIVING SOME OF THE ECONOMIC ANALYSES JUSTIFYING FORMULATION OF THE PROGRAMMES AND IMPLEMENTATION OF THE SAME ON WATERSHED BASIS, RESEARCH GAPS HAVE ALSO BEEN IDENTIFIED.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableDEALING WITH THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS, THE PAPER SUGGESTS THAT SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION EDUCATION SHOULD BE PRACTICAL IN NATURE AND DEMONSTRATES , AT OPERATIONAL LEVEL, HOW SOIL CONSERVATION COULD SUSTAIN THE COMMUNITY , GENERATE THE EMPLOYMENT AND CREATE HEALTH , WEALTH AND WELFARE FOR THE PEOPLE.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableTHE BOOK IS AN ATTEMPT TO COMPILE ALL THE RESEARCH WORK DONE BY CSWCRTI, DEHRADUN AND ITS REGIONAL STATIONS IN THE AREA OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION SINCE THEIR ESTABLISHMENT . IT CONTAINS 19 CHAPTERS AND INCLUDES AMONG OTHERS, CHAPTERS ON TRANSFER OF TECHNOLOGY AND WATERSHED MANAGEMENT- CONCEPT AND FRAME WORK.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableTHE WORK DONE BY CSWCRTI , DEHRADUN IN 47 OPERATIONAL RESEARCH PROJECT WATERSHEDS HAS BEEN DESCRIBED. THE ACTUAL WORK INVOLVED FUEL- FODDER PLANTATIONS IN DENUDED AREAS, CONSTRUCTING EROSION CONTROL STRUCTURES AND ADOPTING APPROPRIATE CROPPING SYSTEMS. WATERSHED DEVELOPMENT IN THESE 47 WATERSHEDS HAS BROUGHT ECONOMIC PROSPERITY TO THE POOR PEOPLE AND ALSO REDUCED THE SOIL EROSION. EXPERIENCE FROM THESE PROJECTS HAS BROUGHT OUT THAT WATERSHED DEVELOPMENT SHOULD BE TACKLED ON AN INTEGRATED BASIS FOR WHICH INITIAL FINANCES MUST BE PROVIDED BY THE FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS . FOR THE EXECUTION OF THE WATERSHED MANAGEMENT PROGRAMME , PEOPLE'S PARTICIPATION IS VERY ESSENTIAL.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableINDIA HAS ABOUT 4m ha OF RAVINE LANDS MAINLY ALONG THE BANKS OF RIVERS YAMUNA , CHAMBAL, BETWA, MAHI AND SABARMATI IN THE STATES OF UTTAR PRADESH, MADHYA PRADESH, GUJARAT AND RAJASTHAN. STUDIES AT RESEARCH CENTRES ON RAVINES HAVE SHOWN THAT CONTOUR AND PERIPHERAL BUNDS OF 0.93 m2 CROSS- SECTION WITH PIPE OUTLETS AND STABILIZED WITH GRASSES ARE IDEAL FOR PROTECTING TABLELANDS. GULLY PLUGS HELP IN PROTECTING THE GULLY BEDS. EARTHEN GULLY PLUGS WITH PROVISION FOR SAFE DISPOSAL OF EXCESS RUNOFF ARE THE MOST SUITABLE. PROPERLY DESIGNED COMPOSITE CHECK DAMS OF EARTH AND BRICK MASONARY ( SPILLWAY) WORK ARE RECOMMENDED FOR CONSTRUCTION IN LARGER CATCHMENTS AT THE CONFLUENCE OF THE COMPOUND GULLIES. SMALL AND MEDIUM GULLIES CAN BE RECLAIMED TO CULTIVATION BY CLEARING, MINOR LEVELLING THE WIDE BEDS AND CONSTRUCTING A SERIES OF CHECK DAMS. A COMBINATION OF MECHANICAL MEASURES AND GOOD AGRICULTURAL AND VEGETATION MANAGEMENT COULD MAKE THESE RAVINES PRODUCTIVE.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableMECHANICAL MEASURES ARE IMPORTANT OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION PROGRAMME IN ANY WATERSHED . MECHANICAL PRACTICES ARE NOT ALTERNATIVES TO AGRONOMIC PRACTICES BUT ARE COMPLIMENTARY TO EACH OTHER, ALTHOUGH EACH SERVES A SEPARATE PURPOSE . RESEARCH EXPERIENCE , WITHIN THE COUNTRY, HAS SHOWN THAT AN INTEGRATED PACKAGE OF PRACTICES SUCH AS CONTOUR , TILLAGE , MECHANICAL MEASURES, CONSERVATION AGRONOMICAL PRACTICES NOT ONLY REDUCE THE SOIL EROSION LOSSES BUT ALSO IMPROVE THE CROP YIELDS.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableSOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION PRACTICES FOR AGRICULTURAL LANDS OF DIFFERENT SLOPES, RAVINES , DEEP BLACK SOIL REGIONS ETC. HAVE BEEN DISCUSSED. TRANSFER OF THESE FINDINGS TO THE VILLAGES THROUGH ORPs AND LAB TO LAB LAND PROGRAMME HAS ALSO BEEN DEALT WITH IN THE PAPER.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableIN A RECENT ANALYSIS OF THE ANNUAL SOIL EROSION RATES IN INDIA, IT WAS ESTIMATED THAT ABOUT 5333 M T (16.35 T/HA) OF SOIL DETACHED ANNUALLY AND OF THIS , ABOUT 29% IS CARRIED AWAY BY THE RIVERS INTO THE SEA. NEARLY 10% OF ITS IS BEING DEPOSITED IN SURFACE RESERVOIRS , RESULTING IN THE LOSS OF 1% TO 2% OF THE STORAGE CAPACITY. THE MOST SERIOUS SOIL EROSION PROBLEM IN THE COUNTRY IS IN THE FORM OF SHEET EROSION, A SERIOUS CONSTRAINT ON RED SOILS, IN AN AREA OF 69 M HA. THE LATERITE SOIL AND THE BALCK SOILS OCCUPYING NEARLY 67 M HA. OTHER ERODED AREAS ARE THE GULLIED LANDS ALONG THE BANKS OF THE YAMUNA , CHAMBAL , MAHI AND OTHER RIVERS IN NEARLY 4 M HA , THE HIMALAYAN AND LOWER HIMALAYAN REGIONS AND THE SHIFTING CULTIVATED AREAS OF THE NORTH- EAST. TO TACKLE THESE PROBLEMS EFFECTIVELY, VARIOUS SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION MEASURES WITH AN EMPHASIS ON INTEGRATED LANDUSE PLANNING ON WATERSHED BASIS, HAVE BEEN DISCUSSED IN THE PAPER.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableTHE RATE OF SEDIMENTATION IN RESERVOIRS DEPENDS ON THE ANNUAL SEDIMENT LOADS BROUGHT BY A RIVER FROM ITS CATCHMENT. THE RATE OF SEDIMENT DEPOSITION IN THE RESERVOIRS CAN BE DECREASED ONLY WHEN PROPER SOIL CONSERVATION MEASURES ARE TAKEN UP IN THEIR CATCHMENTS . IN THIS PAPER, AN ATTEMPT HAS BEEN MADE TO COMPUTE THE TOTAL EROSION OF SOIL TAKING PLACE IN OUR COUNTRY ON THE BASIS OF VARIOUS SOIL LOSS STUDIES FROM DIFFERENT LAND UNITS AND LAND USES , RESERVOIR SEDIMENTATION DATA AND RIVER DISCHARGES. SOME OF THE PROVEN SOIL CONSERVATION PRACTICES ARE ALSO INDICATED TO SOLVE THE PROBLEMNot Availabl