Dietary phytochemicals, HDAC inhibition, and DNA damage/repair defects in cancer cells

Genomic instability is a common feature of cancer etiology. This provides an avenue for therapeutic intervention, since cancer cells are more susceptible than normal cells to DNA damaging agents. However, there is growing evidence that the epigenetic mechanisms that impact DNA methylation and histone status also contribute to genomic instability. The DNA damage response, for example, is modulated by the acetylation status of histone and non-histone proteins, and by the opposing activities of histone acetyltransferase and histone deacetylase (HDAC) enzymes. Many HDACs overexpressed in cancer cells have been implicated in protecting such cells from genotoxic insults. Thus, HDAC inhibitors, in addition to unsilencing tumor suppressor genes, also can silence DNA repair pathways, inactivate non-histone proteins that are required for DNA stability, and induce reactive oxygen species and DNA double-strand breaks. This review summarizes how dietary phytochemicals that affect the epigenome also can trigger DNA damage and repair mechanisms. Where such data is available, examples are cited from studies in vitro and in vivo of polyphenols, organosulfur/organoselenium compounds, indoles, sesquiterpene lactones, and miscellaneous agents such as anacardic acid. Finally, by virtue of their genetic and epigenetic mechanisms, cancer chemopreventive agents are being redefined as chemo- or radio-sensitizers. A sustained DNA damage response coupled with insufficient repair may be a pivotal mechanism for apoptosis induction in cancer cells exposed to dietary phytochemicals. Future research, including appropriate clinical investigation, should clarify these emerging concepts in the context of both genetic and epigenetic mechanisms dysregulated in cancer, and the pros and cons of specific dietary intervention strategies

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Not AvailableABOUT 2.73M HA OF LAND HAS BEEN DEGRADED BY THE TORRENTS IN THE COUNTRY. THE PAPER DISCUSSES VARIOUS MECHANICAL MEASURES LIKE RETARDS, SPURS , REVETMENTS AND GRADE STABILISATION STRUCTURES AS TORRENT CONTROL WORKS. CHECK DAMS AND CROSS BARRIERS ARE ALSO HELPFUL IN REDUCING THE CHANNEL GRADIENT AND SCOURING ACTION.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableTHE PAPER PRESENTS RESULT OF A POT CULTURE EXPERIMENT CONDUCTED AT DEHRADUN FROM 1984 TO 1986 FOR STUDYING THE EFFECT OF GRADED DOSES OF FYM (0,10,30 AND 40 Mg/ha) ON THE PROPERTIES AND GRASS GROWTH ON A MINE SPOIL/ DEBRIS SOIL. THE SPOIL WAS COLLECTED IN BULK FROM SAHASTRADHARA ABANDONED MINE SITES. THE RESULTS INDICATE THAT APPLICATION OF FYM AT 20 Mg/ha IS ADEQUATE FOR THE INITIAL ESTABLISHMENT AND BETTER GROWTH OF EULALIOPSIS BINATA IN DEGRADED MINE SPOIL.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableTHE PAPER DESCRIBES SIGNIFICANT RAINFALL VARIATIONS IN A SMALL WESTERN HIMALAYAN WATERSHED OF 328ha . NINE STANDARD RAINGAUGES WERE PLACED AT DIFFERENT ELEVATIONS AND ASPECTS TO REPRESENT APPROXIMATE EQUAL AREAS. USING STEPWISE MULTIPLE REGRESSION ANALYSIS, THE REGRESSION MODELS FOR MONSOON , DRY SEASON AND ANNUAL RAINFALL TOTALS WERE DEVELOPED. IT HAS BEEN OBSERVED THAT GUAGE ORIENTATION WAS THE SINGLE MOST IMPORTANT VARIABLE ACCOUNTING FOR 63% OF VARIATION. ADDITION OF ELEVATION INCREASED R2 TO 87% . HOWEVER , BECAUSE OF STRONG INTERCORRELATIONS BETWEEN ORIENTATION , SLOPE AND EXPOSURE , THE RELATIVE SIGNIFICANCE OF ORIENTATION WAS REDUCED . RAINFALL CATCH DECREASES WITH DISTANCE FROM SOUTH- WEST TO NORTH- WEST DIRECTION IN THE WATERSHED.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableTHE ARTICLE PRESENTS WITH ILLUSTRATIONS THE CONSTRUCTION OF BENCH TERRACES IN HIMALAYAN REGION. SPECIFICATIONS OF IRRIGATED BENCHES WITH RESPECT TO VARIOUS SLOPE HAVE BEEN PROVIDED.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableTHE AUTHORS DISCUSS THE MODUS OPERANDI BEING PRACTISED AT ORP FAKOT ( TEHRI- GARHWAL HILLS) KEEPING IN VIEW THE BASIC FACT THAT SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION IS PEOPLE'S PROGRAMME AND THEIR DIRECT INVOLVEMENT AND PARTICIPATION WHICH IS NECESSARY FOR THE SUCCESS OF THE PROGRAMME.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableHYDROLOGICAL MONITORING OF WATERSHEDS FORMS AS ESSENTIAL COMPONENT OF WATERSHED MANAGEMENT. IN THIS PAPER, THE STRUCTURAL DEVICES AND TECHNIQUES FOR MEASUREMENTS OF RUNOFF AND SEDIMENT FROM SMALL WATERSHEDS AT NATURAL AND ARTIFICIAL CONTROLS HAVE BEEN DISCUSSED.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableTHE PAPER PRESENTS RESULTS OF A STUDY ON HYDROLOGICAL BEHAVIOUR VIS- A VIS CONSTRUCTION AND RATING OF THE FLUME PERTAINING TO A REMOTE MOUNTAINOUS FOURTH ORDER WATERSHED WITH 87% FOREST COVER IN THE LOWER HIMALAYAS WITH 63% MEAN SLOPE. THE CONSTRAINTS IN CONSTRUCTION AND GAUGING SUCH WATERSHEDS ARE ALSO DISCUSSED.Not Availabl