Endomyocardial Fibrosis: Still a Mystery after 60 Years

The pathologist Jack N. P. Davies identified endomyocardial fibrosis in Uganda in 1947. Since that time, reports of this restrictive cardiomyopathy have come from other parts of tropical Africa, South Asia, and South America. In Kampala, the disease accounts for 20% of heart disease patients referred for echocardiography. We conducted a systematic review of research on the epidemiology and etiology of endomyocardial fibrosis. We relied primarily on articles in the MEDLINE database with either “endomyocardial fibrosis” or “endomyocardial sclerosis” in the title. The volume of publications on endomyocardial fibrosis has declined since the 1980s. Despite several hypotheses regarding cause, no account of the etiology of this disease has yet fully explained its unique geographical distribution

Shared Communication Practices and Mental Models in the Virtual Work Environment

Prior research underscores the importance of building and maintaining shared expectations in order for individual members of a team to coalesce and achieve successful team outcomes (Cohen and Bailey, 1997; Mignerey, Rubin and Gorden, 1995). Expectations are part of an individual\u27s mental model of a situation and are developed over time through attaching meaning to behaviors. Shared expectations lower communication costs and determine rules of behavior in organizations (Forsyth, 1998). The impact of virtuality on this process has produced equivocal findings in the literature. The common assumption is that work is harder because members must communicate across boundaries of time and space (Espinosa et al., 2003; Jarvenpaa and Leidner, 1999; Kiesler and Cummings, 2002); however, some research suggests that a lack of shared work practices is a more significant impediment to successful performance outcomes in the virtual work environment (VWE) than the simple presence of various boundaries (Chudoba et al., 2005). In this chapter, we propose that shared expectations of ICT use, as represented in a team\u27s communication media repertoire, are especially critical in the virtual environment where use of media is integral to accomplishing work activities. Maznevski and Chudoba (2000) found that shared understanding of temporal patterns of communication and rhythms of meetings differentiated a successful global virtual team from less successful teams. However, little research has addressed the practices of media use and development of shared expectations in the VWE