Association between various antioxidants in normals and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, their alteration and impact of smoking and disease on levels of antioxidants

Background: There is total alteration of various antioxidants in response to the oxidative stress, which is one of the major patho-physiologic hallmarks in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) development. This study aims to establish the correlation between different antioxidants in normals and COPD, study the alteration in the correlation due to COPD and smoking as well as the impact of COPD and smoking on antioxidants levels.Methods: Study comprises of 96 normals as group I and 96 COPD patients as group II. The antioxidants albumin (Alb), bilirubin (Bil), uric acid (UA) ceruloplasmin (Cp), glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx), catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase 3 (SOD3) were estimated.Results: Significant lower serum Alb, UA, SOD3 and increased serum Cp and GSHPx were found in Group II. Significant correlation was found between Alb and UA (r=0.24); Bil and UA (r=0.26); Alb and CAT (r=0.211) and SOD3 and CAT (r=0.318) in normals. However, these correlations were altered in COPD where Alb correlates with Bil (r=0.235); UA with CAT (r=0.203) and SOD3 with GSHPx (r=-0.27). The correlation between SOD3 and CAT remained unaltered. Similar correlation of UA with Alb and Bil was observed in nonsmoker normals and between SOD3 and CAT in smoker normals. In COPD, no correlation was seen in nonsmokers, while in smokers Alb correlates with Bil (r=0.316) and SOD3 with CAT (r=0.317).Conclusions: These alterations may have clinical ramifications in further understanding the pathogenesis of COPD and developing therapeutic approaches

Association between various antioxidants in normals and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, their alteration and impact of smoking and disease on levels of antioxidants

Background: There is total alteration of various antioxidants in response to the oxidative stress, which is one of the major patho-physiologic hallmarks in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) development. This study aims to establish the correlation between different antioxidants in normals and COPD, study the alteration in the correlation due to COPD and smoking as well as the impact of COPD and smoking on antioxidants levels.Methods: Study comprises of 96 normals as group I and 96 COPD patients as group II. The antioxidants albumin (Alb), bilirubin (Bil), uric acid (UA) ceruloplasmin (Cp), glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx), catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase 3 (SOD3) were estimated.Results: Significant lower serum Alb, UA, SOD3 and increased serum Cp and GSHPx were found in Group II. Significant correlation was found between Alb and UA (r=0.24); Bil and UA (r=0.26); Alb and CAT (r=0.211) and SOD3 and CAT (r=0.318) in normals. However, these correlations were altered in COPD where Alb correlates with Bil (r=0.235); UA with CAT (r=0.203) and SOD3 with GSHPx (r=-0.27). The correlation between SOD3 and CAT remained unaltered. Similar correlation of UA with Alb and Bil was observed in nonsmoker normals and between SOD3 and CAT in smoker normals. In COPD, no correlation was seen in nonsmokers, while in smokers Alb correlates with Bil (r=0.316) and SOD3 with CAT (r=0.317).Conclusions: These alterations may have clinical ramifications in further understanding the pathogenesis of COPD and developing therapeutic approaches.</jats:p

STUDY OF BLOOD UREA NITROGEN (BUN), SERUM CREATININE IN DIABETIC AND NON-DIABETIC PATIENTS IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL

Introduction: Patients of Diabetes mellitus type 2 are known to have high levels of BUN and Serum creatinine levels as compared to non-diabetics. There is an association between the raised BUN, serum creatinine levels and poor glycemic controls, subsequently leading to complications like nephropathy in Diabetic patients.&#x0D; Aim and objectives: The aim of this study is to assess the BUN, Serum creatinine levels in relation to fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and 2-hour post plasma glucose (2h-PG) status in diabetic patients as compared to non-diabetics.&#x0D; Materials and methods: 215 cases of Diabetes Mellitus were recruited along with the 100 age and sex matched controls who were healthy and non-diabetic and their blood samples were analyzed for BUN and FPG and 2-h-PG after 75-gram oral glucose in National Accreditation Board for testing and calibration Laboratories (NABL) certified laboratory.&#x0D; Results: In our study we have found that there is a significant association of FPG, 2h-PG, BUN and serum creatinine in diabetic cases as compared to non-diabetic controls. There also exists a significant positive correlation between mean BUN (12.3 ± 5.9mg/dL) and mean FPG (159.72 ± 71.60 mg/dL) and mean 2h-PG (222.76 ± 100.86 mg/dL) levels.&#x0D; Conclusion: BUN and serum creatinine are the markers in diabetes patients to assess the diabetic nephropathy. Serum BUN may be preferred over serum creatinine in assessing early renal impairment due to positive correlation with fasting and post prandial glycemic levels.&#x0D; Keywords: BUN, Nephropathy, FPG, 2h-PG, Diabetic complications.</jats:p

A STUDY TO ASSESS THE BIOCHEMICAL PROFILE IN HEALTHY YOUNG MEDICAL PROFESSIONALS IN INDIA

Introduction: Cardiovascular diseases are the most prevalent cause of mortality and morbidity in both developed as well as developing countries. Coronary artery disease (CAD) is usually due to atherosclerosis of large and medium sized arteries. Dyslipidemia and hyperglycemia have been found to be the important contributing factors.&#x0D; Aims and objectives: Present study is done to know the pattern of dyslipidemia and blood glucose status as per National Cholesterol Education Program – Adult treatment panel III (NCEP-ATP III) guidelines and American Diabetes Association (ADA) criteria respectively in young doctors and to sensitize the importance of its implication and to take timely preventive measures.&#x0D; Material and methods: This is a retrospective observational study conducted in a tertiary care hospital. The study group comprised of 173 young doctors from all over India, between age 25 to 29 years who reported to lab for routine medical investigations. The study group included 118 males and 55 females. Serum lipid profile and plasma glucose for 173 subjects were analyzed.&#x0D; Results: In our study 71.7% of total study group had impaired range of plasma glucose values and 10.4% had diabetic range plasma glucose.5.78% of total subjects had Triglyceride (TG) level more than 200 mg/dL.11.56% had total cholesterol (TC) level &gt;240 mg/dL. 45.66% of total subjects had Low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLc) more than 130 mg/dL. 37.2% of males had high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLc) less than 40 mg/dL. 40% of females had HDLc less than 50 mg/dL. Thereby implying that even apparently healthy young medical professionals are at increased risk of metabolic disorders like diabetes and dyslipidemia.&#x0D; Conclusion: This study revealed higher prevalence of hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia in apparently healthy medical professionals suggesting higher risk for metabolic disorders like coronary artery disease and diabetes mellitus. The study indicates the need for physical exercise, change in dietary pattern and regular monitoring of biochemical indicators of metabolic diseases.&#x0D; Keywords: Dyslipidemia, Impaired fasting glucose, young, doctors, diabetes</jats:p

A STUDY OF PLASMA GLUCOSE AND SERUM CERULOPLASMIN IN TYPE-2 DIABETES MELLITUS (T2DM) AT A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder occurring due to either defect in the secretion of insulin or defect in the action of insulin characterized by hyperglycemia. Hyperglycemia causes oxidative stress due to increased production of mitochondrial Reactive oxygen species (ROS) in T2DM. Ceruloplasmin (Cp) acts as an antioxidant through its ferroxidase activity. There is an association between the raised serum Cp levels and elevated plasma glucose levels in Type-2 Diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients.&#x0D; Aim and objectives: The aim of this study is to evaluate the correlation between the fasting plasma glucose (FPG), 2hour plasma glucose (2hPG), and serum Cp level in T2DM patients as compared to non diabetics.&#x0D; Materials and methods: 165 cases of T2DM were recruited along with the 40 healthy age and sex matched controls. The blood samples were analyzed for serum Cp and FPG and 2hPG after 75-gram oral glucose.&#x0D; Results: The serum Cp levels of the patient group with T2DM were significantly higher than the control group (p = 0.000). There was a significant positive association between serum Cp level and 2hPG level of the patient population (r = 0.283, p = 0.000), but there was no significant correlation found between serum Cp levels and fasting plasma glucose levels in patients (r = 0.146, p =0.061). Similar findings were seen in the sub group analysis.&#x0D; Conclusion: Our study concludes a significant positive correlation between serum Cp and 2hPG levels in T2DM patients. Hence Cp levels may be considered as a part of the routine diagnostic panel to assess diabetes mellitus.&#x0D; Keywords: Serum Ceruloplasmin, Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus, Fasting plasma glucose, 2hour plasma glucose</jats:p