17 research outputs found

    Threatened flora of Mayotte: heritage value and challenges for conservation

    Get PDF
    This paper deals with the natural history and the flora of Mayotte by presenting some of its characteristics and providing an assessment of its conservation status. Mayotte is a French islands group belonging to the Comoros archipelago (Indian Ocean), located between Madagascar and East Africa. Its geological history, its geographical position and multiple human influences have shaped some remarkable landscapes composed by unique ecosystems and habitats, with an extraordinary biodiversity for a small territory. Since the first inhabitants, via the colonial centuries to the contemporary era, natural vegetation is restricted to the bare minimum but nevertheless it houses most of the plant biodiversity in Mayotte. As sanctuaries these small natural areas are unfortunately still poorly known and highly threatened. The flora of Mayotte was not well studied in the past because the naturalists’ attention was probably drawn by Madagascar. Most of the discoveries were made during the two main periods of investigation that took place during the second half of the nineteenth century and the late twentieth to date. The vascular flora of Mayotte is composed by 681 species that have been recently evaluated by using the categories and criteria of the IUCN Red List. To illustrate the need and urgency to ensure the conservation of this unique heritage, a "Top fourteen" of the critically endangered species is proposed and suggestions for conservation measures are discussedCet article traite de l’histoire naturelle et de la flore de Mayotte en prĂ©sentant quelques unes de ses caractĂ©ristiques et en proposant un Ă©tat des connaissances de son statut de conservation. Mayotte est un groupe d’üles françaises de l’archipel des Comores situĂ© dans l’ocĂ©an Indien entre Madagascar et l’Afrique de l’Est. Son histoire gĂ©ologique, sa position gĂ©ographique et les influences humaines ont façonnĂ© des paysages singuliers composĂ©s de milieux naturels aujourd’hui relictuels qui contiennent une grande diversitĂ© biologique pour un territoire de cette taille. Des premiers habitants Ă  la dĂ©mographie exponentielle contemporaine, en passant par l’agriculture rentiĂšre coloniale, la vĂ©gĂ©tation naturelle n’occupe plus aujourd’hui qu’une portion congrue de Mayotte mais abrite l’essentiel de la biodiversitĂ© vĂ©gĂ©tale mahoraise. Ces espaces naturels qui constituent assurĂ©ment des sanctuaires sont malheureusement encore mĂ©connus et grandement menacĂ©s. L’attention des naturalistes ayant portĂ© sur Madagascar dans le passĂ©, la flore de Mayotte est longtemps restĂ©e peu Ă©tudiĂ©e. L’essentiel des dĂ©couvertes a Ă©tĂ© fait lors des deux principales pĂ©riodes d’investigation qui ont eu lieu pendant la deuxiĂšme moitiĂ© du 19Ăšme siĂšcle et de la fin du 20Ăšme Ă  ce jour. Sa flore originale est reprĂ©sentĂ©e par 681 espĂšces de plantes vasculaires qui ont Ă©tĂ© rĂ©cemment Ă©valuĂ©es selon les catĂ©gories et les critĂšres de la Liste Rouge de l’UICN. Pour illustrer la nĂ©cessitĂ© et l’urgence de garantir la pĂ©rennitĂ© de ce patrimoine unique, une liste des 14 espĂšces en danger critique d’extinction est proposĂ©e et des suggestions d’actions de conservation sont discutĂ©e

    Flore menacĂ©e de l’üle de Mayotte : importance patrimoniale et enjeux de conservation

    No full text
    International audienceCet article traite de l’histoire naturelle et de la flore de Mayotte en prĂ©sentant quelques unes de ses caractĂ©ristiques et en proposant un Ă©tat des connaissances de son statut de conservation. Mayotte est un groupe d’üles françaises de l’archipel des Comores situĂ© dans l’ocĂ©an Indien entre Madagascar et l’Afrique de l’Est. Son histoire gĂ©ologique, sa position gĂ©ographique et les influences humaines ont façonnĂ© des paysages singuliers composĂ©s de milieux naturels aujourd’hui relictuels qui contiennent une grande diversitĂ© biologique pour un territoire de cette taille. Des premiers habitants Ă  la dĂ©mographie exponentielle contemporaine, en passant par l’agriculture rentiĂšre coloniale, la vĂ©gĂ©tation naturelle n’occupe plus aujourd’hui qu’une portion congrue de Mayotte mais abrite l’essentiel de la biodiversitĂ© vĂ©gĂ©tale mahoraise. Ces espaces naturels qui constituent assurĂ©ment des sanctuaires sont malheureusement encore mĂ©connus et grandement menacĂ©s. L’attention des naturalistes ayant portĂ© sur Madagascar dans le passĂ©, la flore de Mayotte est longtemps restĂ©e peu Ă©tudiĂ©e. L’essentiel des dĂ©couvertes a Ă©tĂ© fait lors des deux principales pĂ©riodes d’investigation qui ont eu lieu pendant la deuxiĂšme moitiĂ© du 19Ăšme siĂšcle et de la fin du 20Ăšme Ă  ce jour. Sa flore originale est reprĂ©sentĂ©e par 681 espĂšces de plantes vasculaires qui ont Ă©tĂ© rĂ©cemment Ă©valuĂ©es selon les catĂ©gories et les critĂšres de la Liste Rouge de l’UICN. Pour illustrer la nĂ©cessitĂ© et l’urgence de garantir la pĂ©rennitĂ© de ce patrimoine unique, une liste des 14 espĂšces en danger critique d’extinction est proposĂ©e et des suggestions d’actions de conservation sont discutĂ©e

    Flore menacĂ©e de l’üle de Mayotte : importance patrimoniale et enjeux de conservation

    No full text
    Threatened flora of Mayotte : heritage value and challenges for conservation. — This paper deals with the natural history and the flora of Mayotte by presenting some of its characteristics and providing an assessment of its conservation status. Mayotte is a French islands group belonging to the Comoros archipelago (Indian Ocean), located between Madagascar and East Africa. Its geological history, its geographical position and multiple human influences have shaped some remarkable landscapes composed by unique ecosystems and habitats, with an extraordinary biodiversity for a small territory. Since the first inhabitants, via the colonial centuries to the contemporary era, natural vegetation is restricted to the bare minimum but nevertheless it houses most of the plant biodiversity in Mayotte. As sanctuaries these small natural areas are unfortunately still poorly known and highly threatened. The flora of Mayotte was not well studied in the past because the naturalists’ attention was probably drawn by Madagascar. Most of the discoveries were made during the two main periods of investigation that took place during the second half of the nineteenth century and the late twentieth to date. The vascular flora of Mayotte is composed by 681 species that have been recently evaluated by using the categories and criteria of the IUCN Red List. To illustrate the need and urgency to ensure the conservation of this unique heritage, a “Top fourteen” of the critically endangered species is proposed and suggestions for conservation measures are discussed.Cet article traite de l’histoire naturelle et de la flore de Mayotte en prĂ©sentant quelques unes de ses caractĂ©ristiques et en proposant un Ă©tat des connaissances de son statut de conservation. Mayotte est un groupe d’üles françaises de l’archipel des Comores situĂ© dans l’ocĂ©an Indien entre Madagascar et l’Afrique de l’Est. Son histoire gĂ©ologique, sa position gĂ©ographique et les influences humaines ont façonnĂ© des paysages singuliers composĂ©s de milieux naturels aujourd’hui relictuels qui contiennent une grande diversitĂ© biologique pour un territoire de cette taille. Des premiers habitants Ă  la dĂ©mographie exponentielle contemporaine, en passant par l’agriculture rentiĂšre coloniale, la vĂ©gĂ©tation naturelle n’occupe plus aujourd’hui qu’une portion congrue de Mayotte mais abrite l’essentiel de la biodiversitĂ© vĂ©gĂ©tale mahoraise. Ces espaces naturels qui constituent assurĂ©ment des sanctuaires sont malheureusement encore mĂ©connus et grandement menacĂ©s. L’attention des naturalistes ayant portĂ© sur Madagascar dans le passĂ©, la flore de Mayotte est longtemps restĂ©e peu Ă©tudiĂ©e. L’essentiel des dĂ©couvertes a Ă©tĂ© fait lors des deux principales pĂ©riodes d’investigation qui ont eu lieu pendant la deuxiĂšme moitiĂ© du 19Ăšme siĂšcle et de la fin du 20Ăšme Ă  ce jour. Sa flore originale est reprĂ©sentĂ©e par 681 espĂšces de plantes vasculaires qui ont Ă©tĂ© rĂ©cemment Ă©valuĂ©es selon les catĂ©gories et les critĂšres de la Liste Rouge de l’UICN. Pour illustrer la nĂ©cessitĂ© et l’urgence de garantir la pĂ©rennitĂ© de ce patrimoine unique, une liste des 14 espĂšces en danger critique d’extinction est proposĂ©e et des suggestions d’actions de conservation sont discutĂ©es.Barthelat Fabien, Viscardi Guillaume. Flore menacĂ©e de l’üle de Mayotte : importance patrimoniale et enjeux de conservation. In: Revue d'Écologie (La Terre et La Vie), supplĂ©ment n°11, 2012. ConfĂ©rence sur la Conservation de la flore menacĂ©e de l’Outre-mer français. pp. 15-27

    Une nouvelle espÚce de <i>Foetidia</i> (Lecythidaceae, sous-famille Foetidioideae) en danger critique d'extinction récemment découverte à Mayotte, archipel des Comores

    No full text
    Une nouvelle espĂšce de Foetidia Comm. ex Lam., Foetidia comorensis Labat, Bidault &amp; Viscardi, est dĂ©crite pour l’archipel des Comores. Cette espĂšce, proche morphologiquement de F. africana Verdc. et F. macrocarpa Bosser, n’est recensĂ©e que d’une seule localitĂ© sur l’üle de Mayotte : la pointe de SazilĂ©. Cette unique population, rĂ©duite et soumise Ă  une forte pression de pĂąturage, de piĂ©tinement et de coupe, nous amĂšne Ă  proposer le classement de cette espĂšce dans la catĂ©gorie UICN CR (danger critique d’extinction). Nous prĂ©conisons aussi, pour le maintien de cette espĂšce nouvelle et rare, la mise en place urgente de mesures de conservation telles que l’acquisition du terrain par le Conservatoire de l’espace littoral et des rivages lacustres, la prise en compte de l’espĂšce nouvelle par un ArrĂȘtĂ© prĂ©fectoral de protection de la flore, et la rĂ©daction d’un Plan directeur de conservation.A new species of Foetidia Comm. ex Lam., Foetidia comorensis Labat, Bidault &amp; Viscardi, is described for the Comoros archipelago. This species, morphologically close to F. africana Verdc .and F. macrocarpa Bosser, has been found on one single locality on Mayotte Island: SazilĂ© peninsula. The fact that the unique known population is facing high grazing, stomping, and cutting pressure, leads us to propose the IUCN criteria CR (critically endangered). We also propose urgent conservation measures, in order to maintain this new and rare species, such as the acquisition of the concerned land by the Conservatoire de l’espace littoral et des rivages lacustres, the protection of the species by the law, and the monitoring by a heading plan of conservation.</p

    Combining pollination ecology and fine-scale spatial genetic structure analysis to unravel the reproductive strategy of an insular threatened orchid

    No full text
    International audienceIn Vanilla species (Orchidaceae), the influence of sexual and asexual mating systems on the spatial structuring of population genetic diversity is understudied. These elements are crucial in restoration program to limit inbreeding depression and to maintain the genetic diversity of natural populations. In the remnant fragments of tropical dry forest in Mayotte (Comoros Archipelago, Indian Ocean), the clarification of the reproductive strategies of the orphan leafless Vanilla humblotii Rchb. f. will provide a better understanding of its fine-scale spatial genetic structure. Approaches combining reproductive biology and fine-scale spatial genetic structure analyses using ten mi-crosatellite markers in 49 individuals sampled in the only remaining large population of V. humblotii were employed to unravel the reproductive strategies of this species. The results showed that V. humblotii displays un-scented flowers and is allogamous and pollinator-dependent although also self-compatible. A total absence of pollen movements and a low level of natural fruit set (~1%) are reported, although a wild bee (Allodape obscuripennis Strand, Xylocopinae) and a bird (Nectarinia coquerelli,Nectarinidae) visitedthe flowers. A high ge-notypic diversity (G/N = 0.88) and a phalanx clonal growth are detected, and seed dispersal is higher than pollen dispersal. The phalanx distribution of the repeated genotypes (ramets arisen from the same genet) is responsible for significant autocorrelations detected at small distances. Limited inbreeding was detected although geitonogamy could have been enhanced by vegetative reproduction. This study highlights the need to perform interdisciplinary studies to unravel the reproductive strategy of clonal plant species with a deceptive pollination system

    Pre-assessments of plant conservation status in islands: the case of French Overseas Territories

    No full text
    International audienceAssessment methods have been developed to estimate a preliminary conservation status for species and subsequently to facilitate the building of Red Lists. Such pre-assessment methods could be particularly useful in the French Overseas Territories (FOTs) where Red Lists tend to be outdated or absent and where a high number of endemic species face detrimental anthropogenic pressures. We first aimed to conduct a preliminary assessment (hereafter, pre-assessment) of the conservation status of endemic plants from Guadeloupe, Martinique, RĂ©union, Mayotte, French sub-Antarctic islands, New Caledonia, and Scattered Islands. We then compared the various methods used in conducting the pre-assessment and discussed ways to adapt these methods to small territories. We compiled occurrence data of endemic species identified thanks to a previous taxonomic work and pre-assessed their conservation status under Red List criteria A and B and the use of a Random Forest algorithm. We then measured the accuracy, specificity, and sensitivity of each method based on existing Red Lists. The Random Forest algorithm and a method based on range-size performed best at correctly attributing conservation status. Using these pre-assessment methods, we estimated that up to 60% of the endemic flora of the FOTs is potentially threatened. Range restriction but also anthropogenic pressures were key factors that explained these risks. Pre-assessment methods are useful tools to get a first measure of species conservation status. These methods should be adapted to the territories considered and their conservation issues in order to reach a good performance
    corecore