Genetic diversity on acerola quality: a systematic review.

Acerola (Malpighia emarginata DC.) is a super-fruit with high ascorbic acid content and its quality can be highly affected by the genetic and environmental conditions. This systematic review aims to provide an overview of the influence of genetic variability on acerola quality traits. It was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) recommendations. PubMed, Scopus and SciELO electronic databases were searched using terms acerola, selection, and genotypes. 29 studies were selected after assessing articles for eligibility criteria, which reported data on 22 quality parameters. A high genetic diversity was observed for all quality traits. Soluble solids and ascorbic acid contents are the main parameters determined in studies with acerola. Titratable acidity, SS/TA ratio and pH are also evaluated in most studies. Different studies have already identified possible genotypes for use in acerola breeding programs based on fruit quality, both for launching new cultivars and for use as parents in crosses. Our review is a useful basis for acerola breeding programs and germplasm conservation. Future studies are required to further identify and quantify bioactive compounds in acerolas of different genotypes

Phenolic compounds in acerola fruit and by?products: an overview on identification, quantification, influencing factors, and biological properties.

Acerola (Malpighia emarginata DC) is a cherry-like tropical fruit well-known for being a rich source of ascorbic acid (vitamin C) and phenolic compounds. This review provides a complete overview on aspects related to phenolic compounds of acerola fruit and by-products, comprising the identification and quantification of phenolic compounds, influencing fac- tors, and biological properties. Scientific evidences suggest that the acerola is a promising superfruit with great potential in the food and pharmaceutical industries. At least 76 phenolic compounds were identified using high performance liquid chromatography in acerolas, including 55 flavonoids (anthocyanins, flavan-3-ols, flavonols, flavones, flavanones, isoflavones and chalcones) and 21 non-flavonoids (phenolic acids, stilbenes and lignans). Phenolic compounds in acerola show several biological properties, including antioxidant, antibacterial, antihyperglycemic, antihyperlipidemic, anti-inflammatory, and hepatoprotective activities. However, studies are further required to assess the seasonal and genotypic influence on the phenolics of acerola and their bioaccessibility. Acerola is an anthocyanin-rich fruit with high potential for pigment extraction, but stabilization of anthocyanins in juice and pulp should be further elucidated and improved.Online

Bayesian and classical approaches for the estimation of genetic parameters and coefficients of repeatability of acerola quality traits.

Although acerola (Malpighia emarginata DC.) is a tropical fruit of high interest due to its high ascorbic acid content and attractive sensory attributes, fruit production is characterized by high genetic variability. Additionally, the use of new biometric tools for acerola breeding is scarce. This study aimed to estimate genetic parameters and the coefficient of repeatability, as well as determine the optimal number of fruits for quality trait analyses in different acerola genotypes, using different approaches. Twenty-three (Experiment I) and thirty-five (Experiment II) genotypes were evaluated in a randomized block design with four replicates and three plants per plot. Twenty fruits per plant were harvested and evaluated for the following quality traits: diameter, mass, skin color (lightness, chroma and hue), firmness, soluble solids (SS), titratable acidity (TA), SS/TA ratio, and ascorbic acid content. The genetic parameters and the coefficient of repeatability were estimated for each experiment using classical and Bayesian methods. Both approaches achieved similar results on estimating variance components, genetic parameters and the coefficient of repeatability. Genetic parameters showed favorable conditions for acerola selection. The coefficient of repeatability was high for all acerola quality traits. A total of 17 fruits are required for the effective selection of acerola genotypes with an accuracy of 95%

Brazilian varieties of acerola (Malpighia emarginata DC.) produced under tropical semi- arid conditions: Bioactive phenolic compounds, sugars, organic acids, and antioxidant capacity.

Acerola fruit has gained prominence for its high nutraceutical value, associated with high levels of ascorbic acid and phenolic compounds. The objectives of this study were to analyze the chemistry composition and antioxidant capacity in seven Brazilian varieties of acerola. All acerola genotypes were harvested at the red ripe maturity stage, and the fruit were subjected to metabolite analyses by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography. The varieties presented high levels of ascorbic acid and malic acid. The main sugars observed in acerola were glucose and fructose. Cyanidin-3-rhamnoside was the main phenolic compound in the fruit (149?682 mg/kg FW), which had higher concentration in the varieties BRS 235-Apodi, BRS 236-Cereja, and BRS 237-Roxinha. Other phenolic compounds also observed in the fruit were quercetin-3-glucoside, isorhamnetin, catechin, procyanidin A2, naringenin, hesperidin, chlorogenic acid, and trans-resveratrol. In conclusion, the observed wide range of acerola nutraceutical properties was related to the high genetic variability among genotype

Correlações entre descritores de fruto de aceroleira em diferentes estádios de maturação.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi estimar as correlações entre descritores de frutos avaliados em acessos de aceroleira do Banco Ativo de Geromplasma (BAG) da Embrapa Semiárido

Non-destructive assessment of quality traits in apples and pears using near infrared spectroscopy and chemometrics.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of a hand-held NIR spectrometer for non-destructive quality analysis of apples and pears produced in the Brazilian Semi-arid region. NIR spectra were acquired with a portable spectrometer in the wavelength range of 750–1065 nm and reference analyses of dry matter content (DMC) and soluble solids content (SSC) were measured weekly during 10 weeks of storage at 0.5 °C. Spectra were pre-processed with standard normal variate and used to develop DMC and SSC models using partial least squares re- gression with full cross-validation. The models were validated using data not included in the calibration. Satisfactory prediction results were obtained for SSC in apples (R² = 0.58) and pears (R² = 0.55), and for DMC in apples (R² = 0.55) and pears (R² = 0.65). All prediction models showed a relative root mean square error of prediction lower than 8%. These findings indicate that the NIR spectrometer is a promising tool to be used for a rapid and non-destructive determination of internal quality traits in apples and pears

Portable VIS-NIR spectrometer for non-destructive determination of quality traits in apples and pears.

The objective of this study was to assess the performance of a handheld VIS-NIR spectrometer for non-destructively quality analysis of apples and pears produced in the Brazilian Semi-arid region

Índice de seleção para a identificação de genótipos superiores de acerola destinados ao consumo in natura.

O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar genótipos de acerola que apresentam a melhor combinação para diferentes atributos físico-químicos para o consumo in natura por meio de índice de seleção

Sample size for postharvest quality traits of Palmer mangoes.

The objective of this study was to determine the most efficient sample size required to estimate the mean of postharvest quality traits of ?Palmer? mangoes harvested in two growing seasons. A total of 50 mangoes were harvested at maturity stage 2, in winter (June 2020) and spring (October 2020), and evaluated for weight, length, ventral and transverse diameter, skin and pulp L*, C* and hº, dry matter, firmness, soluble solids (SS), titratable acidity (TA) and the SS/TA ratio. According to the results, the coefficient of variation (CV) of fruit quality traits ranged from 2.1% to 18.1%. The highest CV in both harvests was observed for the SS/TA ratio, while the lowest was reported for pulp hº. In order to estimate the mean of physicochemical traits of ?Palmer? mangoes, 12 fruits are needed in the winter and 14 in the spring, considering an estimation error of 10% and a confidence interval of 95%. TA and the SS/TA ratio required the highest sample size, while L* and hº required the lowest sample size. In conclusion, the variability was different among physicochemical traits and seasons, implying that different sample sizes are required to estimate the mean of different quality traits in different growing seasons

Multivariate selection index of acerola genotypes for fresh consumption based on fruit physicochemical attributes.

Acerola (Malpighia emarginata DC.) is one of the most important fruit produced in the São Francisco Valley, a Semi-arid region in the Northeast of Brazil. This study aimed to evaluate the physicochemical quality of thirty-fve acerola genotypes produced during two growing seasons in a Semi-arid region and to identify the best ones with potential for fresh consumption based on a multivariate selection index. Fruit of each genotype were harvested during two growing seasons at the maturity stage red-ripe, characterized by full red skin color. After harvest, the fruit were evaluated for diameter, mass, fesh frmness, soluble solids (SS), titratable acidity (TA) SS/TA ratio, ascorbic acid content and skin color. A multivariate selection index (SI) was applied for scoring and ranking the genotypes for fresh consumption based on red-ripe fruit physicochemical quality. According to the results, all physicochemical attributes had high variability among genotypes. The SI was a powerful tool for identifying genotypes with high potential for fresh consumption, since it allowed selecting genotypes with multiple desirable traits. In the frst and second growing seasons, the SI identifed the genotypes PROG 052 (SI = 76.1 and 78.9), BRS Rubra (SI = 74.1 and 99.5), Cabocla (SI = 72.3 and 70.7), Costa Rica (SI = 61.2 and 73.8) and PROG 069 (SI = 68.1 and 72.4) as the most promising ones for fresh consumption due to the presence of multiple desirable traits such as high diameter, mass, fesh frmness, SS, and SS/AT ratio, as well as lower acidity