890 research outputs found
Quasars: What turns them off?
(Abridged) We explore the idea that the anti-hierarchical turn-off observed
in the quasar population arises from self-regulating feedback, via an outflow
mechanism. Using a detailed hydrodynamic simulation we calculate the luminosity
function of quasars down to a redshift of z=1 in a large, cosmologically
representative volume. Outflows are included explicitly by tracking halo
mergers and driving shocks into the surrounding intergalactic medium. Our
results are in excellent agreement with measurements of the spatial
distribution of quasars, and we detect an intriguing excess of galaxy-quasar
pairs at very short separations. We also reproduce the anti-hierarchical
turnoff in the quasar luminosity function, however, the magnitude of the
turn-off falls short of that observed as well as that predicted by analogous
semi-analytic models. The difference can be traced to the treatment of gas
heating within galaxies. The simulated galaxy cluster L_X-T relationship is
close to that observed for z~1 clusters, but the simulated galaxy groups at z=1
are significantly perturbed by quasar outflows, suggesting that measurements of
X-ray emission in high-redshift groups could well be a "smoking gun" for the
AGN heating hypothesis.Comment: 16 pages, 11 figures, submitted to ApJ, comments welcome
Schmidt balls around the identity
Robustness measures as introduced by Vidal and Tarrach [PRA, 59, 141-155]
quantify the extent to which entangled states remain entangled under mixing.
Analogously, we introduce here the Schmidt robustness and the random Schmidt
robustness. The latter notion is closely related to the construction of Schmidt
balls around the identity. We analyse the situation for pure states and provide
non-trivial upper and lower bounds. Upper bounds to the random Schmidt-2
robustness allow us to construct a particularly simple distillability
criterion. We present two conjectures, the first one is related to the radius
of inner balls around the identity in the convex set of Schmidt number
n-states. We also conjecture a class of optimal Schmidt witnesses for pure
states.Comment: 7 pages, 1 figur
The Role of Heating and Enrichment in Galaxy Formation
We show that the winds identified with high-redshift low-mass galaxies may
strongly affect the formation of stars in more massive galaxies that form
later. With 3D realizations of a simple linear growth model we track gas
shocking, metal enrichment, and cooling, together with dark halo formation. We
show that outflows typically strip baryonic material out of collapsing
intermediate mass halos, suppressing star formation. More massive halos can
trap the heated gas but collapse late, leading to a broad bimodal redshift
distribution, with a larger characteristic mass associated with the lower
redshift peak. This scenario accounts for the observed bell-shaped luminosity
function of early type galaxies, explains the small number of Milky Way
satellite galaxies relative to Cold Dark Matter models predictions, and
provides a possible explanation for the lack of metal poor G-dwarfs in the
solar neighborhood and the more general lack of low-metallicity stars in
massive galaxies relative to ``closed-box'' models of chemical enrichment.
Intergalactic medium heating from outflows should produce spectral distortions
in the cosmic microwave background that will be measurable with the next
generation of experiments.Comment: 19 pages, 12 figures, accepted to ApJ, models refined and minor
revisions mad
Was the GLE on May 17, 2012 linked with the M5.1-class flare the first in the 24th solar cycle?
On May 17, 2012 an M5.1-class flare exploded from the sun. An O-type coronal
mass ejection (CME) was also associated with this flare. There was an instant
increase in proton flux with peak at MeV, leading to S2 solar
radiation storm level. In about 20 minutes after the X-ray emission, the solar
particles reached the Earth.It was the source of the first (since December
2006) ground level enhancement (GLE) of the current solar cycle 24. The GLE was
detected by neutron monitors (NM) and other ground based detectors. Here we
present an observation by the Tupi muon telescopes (Niteroi, Brazil, , , 3 m above sea level) of the enhancement of muons at ground
level associated with this M5.1-class solar flare. The Tupi telescopes
registered a muon excess over background in the 5-min binning time
profile. The Tupi signal is studied in correlation with data obtained by
space-borne detectors (GOES, ACE), ground based neutron monitors (Oulu) and air
shower detectors (the IceTop surface component of the IceCube neutrino
observatory). We also report the observation of the muon signal possibly
associated with the CME/sheath striking the Earth magnetosphere on May 20,
2012. We show that the observed temporal correlation of the muon excess
observed by the Tupi muon telescopes with solar transient events suggests a
real physical connection between them. Our observation indicates that
combination of two factors, the low energy threshold of the Tupi muon
telescopes and the location of the Tupi experiment in the South Atlantic
Anomaly region, can be favorable in the study and detection of the solar
transient events. Our experiment provides new data complementary to other
techniques (space and ground based) in the study of solar physics.Comment: 9 pages, 10 figure
Feijoeiro (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) transgênico contendo um mutante do gene REP apresenta resistência ao vírus do mosaico dourado.
Tbe rep gene of Bean golden mosaic virus (BGMV) is essential for virus replication, and rep gene rnutations with amino acid codons cbanges in the putative NTP-binding rnotif D262R (MI) was created. Phaseolus vulgaris rransforrnation was achieved with a helium driven particle acceleration device. Tbe vector contained the bar gene [resistance to arnmonium glyphosinate (AG)] and besides the rep gene mutant. A total of J 7 initial - R(O) - transformants were analyzed. From the R(O) plant M1/4, which had mutation MI, six progeny plants with resistance to AG were obtained, and four remained BGMV symptomless after inoculation. From tbese four plants, a total progeny of 127 R(2) plants were inoculated. Of the 35 progenies of plant M 1/4/l, only three plants showed syrnptoms. From the other 92 plants, 72 had symptoms. Two plants out of 20 in the nontransgenic control plants remained symptornless
Quantifying Quantum Correlations in Fermionic Systems using Witness Operators
We present a method to quantify quantum correlations in arbitrary systems of
indistinguishable fermions using witness operators. The method associates the
problem of finding the optimal entan- glement witness of a state with a class
of problems known as semidefinite programs (SDPs), which can be solved
efficiently with arbitrary accuracy. Based on these optimal witnesses, we
introduce a measure of quantum correlations which has an interpretation
analogous to the Generalized Robust- ness of entanglement. We also extend the
notion of quantum discord to the case of indistinguishable fermions, and
propose a geometric quantifier, which is compared to our entanglement measure.
Our numerical results show a remarkable equivalence between the proposed
Generalized Robustness and the Schliemann concurrence, which are equal for pure
states. For mixed states, the Schliemann con- currence presents itself as an
upper bound for the Generalized Robustness. The quantum discord is also found
to be an upper bound for the entanglement.Comment: 7 pages, 6 figures, Accepted for publication in Quantum Information
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