Surrealismo e tradizione francese

Il surrealismo è sempre stato caratterizzato da una vocazione internazionalista, leggibile anche come reazione al nazionalismo antigermanico della destra francese. D’altra parte, soprattutto negli anni dell’occupazione nazista, non sono mancate rivendicazioni della tradizione francese, identificata con lo spirito della rivolta. Questo contributo intende indagare le posizioni contrastanti e sfumate che il surrealismo ha assunto nei confronti del canone nazionale francese, letterario o, più ampiamente, culturale, attraverso l’analisi di alcuni casi esemplari (Breton, Aragon, Desnos e Queneau).Surrealism has always been characterised by a tendency towards internationalism, which could be interpreted also as a reaction against the anti-Germanic nationalism of French right-wing politics. On the other hand, it has also appealed to those aspects of the French tradition that came to be identified with a sense of rebellion. The present contribution aims at investigating the contrasting, and subtly differentiated stances that Surrealism has taken towards the French national literary (or, more generally, cultural) canon, through the analysis of some emblematic cases (Breton, Aragon, Desnos, and Queneau)

Calembours poétiques et traduction: Glossaire j’y serre mes gloses, de Michel Leiris à André Masson

Michel Leiris a défini ses jeux de mots en forme d’articles de dictionnaire comme des calembours poétiques. Glossaire j’y serre mes gloses est un recueil foncièrement intraduisible. Pourtant, un mouvement traductif le traverse dans plusieurs directions. D’abord, la glose n’est souvent que la traduction intralinguistique d’un mot isolé. En outre, Leiris s’aventure parfois dans Babel, en proposant des équivalents poétiques français de mots étrangers (traduction interlinguistique). Enfin, les illustrations d’André Masson pour l’édition de 1939 introduisent une troisième dimension, celle de la traduction intersémiotique. Masson assume jusqu’à un certain point la contrainte de transposer sur le plan iconique les jeux de la matière verbale. Son travail montre une variété de solutions, allant de la littéralité, axée sur le mot-entrée, à la fidélité au texte de la glose, que le dessin prolonge et développe, et jusqu’à la recréation libre et autonome, produisant de nouveaux jeux visuels. Il s’agit d’un cas marquant d’interaction texte-image, dans une mouvance intermédiaire entre le surréalisme et l’Oulipo

Nationwide survey on the management of pediatric pharyngitis in Italian emergency units

Background: Acute pharyngitis is a frequent reason for primary care or emergency unit visits in children. Most available data on pharyngitis management come from primary care studies that demonstrate an underuse of microbiological tests, a tendency to over-prescribe antibiotics and a risk of antimicrobial resistance increase. However, a comprehensive understanding of acute pharyngitis management in emergency units is lacking. This study aimed to investigate the frequency of rapid antigen test use to diagnose acute pharyngitis, as well as other diagnostic approaches, the therapeutic attitude, and follow-up of children with this condition in the emergency units. Methods: A multicentric national study was conducted in Italian emergency departments between April and June 2022. Results: A total of 107 out of 131 invited units (response rate 82%), participated in the survey. The results showed that half of the units use a scoring system to diagnose pharyngitis, with the McIsaac score being the most commonly used. Most emergency units (56%) were not provided with a rapid antigen diagnostic test by their hospital, but the test was more frequently available in units visiting more than 10,000 children yearly (57% vs 33%, respectively, p = 0.02). Almost half (47%) of the units prescribe antibiotics in children with pharyngitis despite the lack of microbiologically confirmed cases of Group A β-hemolytic streptococcus. Finally, about 25% of units prescribe amoxicillin-clavulanic acid to treat Group A β-hemolytic streptococcus pharyngitis. Conclusions: The study sheds light on the approach to pharyngitis in emergency units, providing valuable information to improve the appropriate management of acute pharyngitis in this setting. The routinary provision of rapid antigen tests in the hospitals could enhance the diagnostic and therapeutic approach to pharyngitis

Langue étrangère et non-sens chez Jean Tardieu

A study of puns and linguistic creation in Jean Tardieu’s plays and poetry, in order to discuss his relation with the absurd and nonsense in 20th century literature

Chateaubriand e la gravità del comico

Chateaubriand’s official image as a gloomy and melancholy romantic hero has been hiding the comical aspects of his works. This is the first systematic essay on the subject. Several kinds of comical writing are dealt with : “comique de situation” and “de caractère”; the wit (“esprit”) of the Ancien Régime and the irony of the Enlightenment; puns (“comique de mots”); political satire; finally, black humour and genuine self-irony. Chateaubriand’s texts, as well as his views on the comic and some biographical documents, are the main objects of investigation. For all his ambiguity and compromises, Chateaubriand finds his place in the rise of the modern comic, in a cultural context marked by romantic irony, grotesque and Baudelaire’s “comique absolu”