POTENCY OF Γ-ORYZANOL-RICH BLACK RICE BRAN (ORYZA SATIVA L. INDICA) EXTRACT FOR TYROSINASE INHIBITION

Objective: The objectives of this study were to quantify γ-oryzanol in an ethanolic extract of Oryza sativa L. Indica (black rice) bran and to evaluate its activity as a tyrosinase inhibitor. Methods: Black rice bran was extracted via maceration in 96% ethanol, and the γ-oryzanol concentration in the extract was measured through high-performance liquid chromatography. The applicability of the extract as a skin lightening agent was determined by evaluating its tyrosinase inhibition activity. Results: The dry rice bran contained 118.572 mg/g of γ-oryzanol, and the extract inhibited tyrosinase activity at an IC50 of 74.8%. Conclusion: The black rice bran extract was sufficiently potent for use in skin lightening formulations

Caesalpinia sappan L: REVIEW ARTICLE

Background: Caesalpinia sappan L, synonym Biancaea sappan L., is a medicinal plant used in Asia, especially India, China, and Southeast Asia. In Indonesia, Sappanwood (Secang) is traditionally consumed as herbal drink to boost immune system, kill bacteria, treat diarrhea, and tumor. Caesalpinia sappan L. contains homoisoflavonoids and phenols such as brazilin, brazilein, and other active ingredients.  Aim: The aim of this study is to report phytochemical contents and benefits of Caesalpinia sappan L for medicinal use.  Methods: The method used in finding articles was a literature review, using the keywords. Search was conducted electronically using several databases, including Science Direct and Google Scholar. Results: Medicinal benefits from Caesalpinia sappan L have been proved by several studies. These medicinal effects are caused by the presence of Caesalpinia sappan’s active ingredients such as brazilin, brazilein, 3-deoxysappanchalcone, sappanchalcone, Caesalsappanins A, G, H, and I. Conclusion: Caesalpinia sappan L has medicinal benefits and could be applied to treat several diseases. Keywords: Caesalpinia sappan L, traditional use, medicinal us