Microbiome and its association with nutrient metabolism in farm animal nutrition

This article shows the effect of amino acid preparations on metabolism, nutrient digestibility, and calf development. Essential amino acid mixes in different concentrations (per 1 kg of feed) were introduced into the diet of calves from 9 to 18 months of age: I experimental group - 2 g of lysine + 2 g of methionine + 3 g of threonine + 1 g of tryptophan, II experimental group - 3 g of lysine + 3 g of methionine + 4 g threonine+2 g tryptophan. Calves were calculated on pure amino acids, in % of feed dry matter (per head per day). In calves of the II experimental group there was a significant increase in live weight by 11.7 % (p≤0.05) due to better utilisation of bacterial nitrogen by 8.3 % (p≤0.05), amino acids in duodenum by 3.46 % (p≤0.05) than in the I experimental group and by 8.83 % (p≤0.05) than in the control group. The growth rate of tissues and their protein composition changed with the growth of animals. The obtained data indicate the positive effect of a mixture of amino acids with a higher concentration in the diet of growing animals due to the enhancement of protein biosynthesis processes in muscle tissue. Thus, for improvement of intestinal microbiota, metabolism, digestive processes, and maintenance of calf health, the most comfortable concentration of amino acids was the ratio of 3 g lysine+3 g methionine+4 g threonine+2 g tryptophan. The higher the level of essential amino acids in the feed composition, the more they increase the digestibility of nitrogenous substances in the gastrointestinal tract

Strategies for Reducing Ruminant Methane Emissions

The paper studies the effect of additional administration of ultrafine particles on the cattle rumen microbiome composition. The in vitro method was used using the ANKOM Daisy II incubator according to a specialized method. Microflora analysis was performed using MiSeq (Illumina, USA) by a new generation sequencing method with a MiSeq reagent kit. After a detailed analysis of the structure and composition of the microbial community in the contents of the rumen sampled for different diets, it was found that no significant differences were observed in the bacterial communities, with the exception of a slight shift in the Bacteroidetes/Firmicutes ratio. However, we observed numerical differences in the abundance of some representatives, namely, with additional inclusion of Fe and Cr2O3, decrease in the abundance of the methane-forming species Methanobrevibacter, Methanobacterium, Methanosphaera, and Methnaomicrobium was noted regarding the control