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Not AvailableThe book entitled “Participatory Approaches to Enhance Farm Productivity of Salt Affected Soils” is focused to enhance practitioners’, knowledge and skills in the effective application of participatory approaches for accelerating the adoption of appropriate and improved technologies for livelihood security of sodic land farmers and to strengthen their capacities for communicating the participatory approaches to stake holders for enhancing farm productivity of salt affected soils. The book covers wide range of topics comprising concepts of participatory approaches, experiences in agricultural technology dissemination, recourse conservation, integrated farming system, on farm water management, nutrient management, plant protection, weed management and crop diversification approaches under sodic environment based on experiences while working in field with people’s participation. This publication will help the researchers, extension workers and developers in the field of agriculture to deal with participatory technology development processes.IRR

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Not AvailableField experiment was conducted on a fine loamy, mixed, hyperthermic, highly sodic soil having pH (10.5), electrical conductivity (EC) (2.42 dS m-1), exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) (89.0), organic carbon (OC) (0.80 g kg-1) and available nitrogen (94 kg ha-1) to determine the response of two rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties (CSR 13 and Pant 4) to gypsum levels [(control, 15, 25 and 50% gypsum requirement (GR)].The study revealed that all the growth parameters (plant height, number of tillers, dry matter accumulation,number of leaves/hill, leaf weight/hill and leaf area index), yield attributes (length of panicle, number of grains/panicle, test weight) and yields (biological yield, straw yield and grain yield) significantly increased with increasing doses of gypsum. Application of gypsum at 50% GR (15.4 t ha-1) was significantly superior over the control and 15% GR doses but at par with that of 25% GR. Significant reduction in soil pH (10.50 to 8.91), EC (1.43 to 0.48 dS m-1) and ESP (89 to 28.5) and increment in OC (0.8 to 1.2 g kg-1) and available N (94 to 190 kg ha-1) were recorded after three years of study with 50% GR level. Grain quality of rice in terms of N content in grain, grain length, length:breadth ratio, brown rice recovery, milled rice recovery, head rice recovery and gel consistency were higher with 50% GR as compared to control but statistically at par with that of 25% GR. There were significant varieties × gypsum interactions on number of effective tillers, dry matter accumulation, number of leaves/hill, leaf weight, number of panicles m-2,length of panicle, number of grains/panicle, test weight and grain yield indicating that the varieties responded to gypsum differently. Variety ‘CSR 13’ showed significant increase over ‘Pant 4’ in all the growth parameters and yield attributes except length of panicle.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableApplication of gypsum @ 25% GR and growing of salt tolerant varieties of rice and wheat may reduce reclamation cost by about 43% over 50% GR level without any significant loss in grain yields.Not Availabl

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Not AvailablePer capita meat and pork consumption is highest in Nagaland, India. The present study analysed pork production and its consumption in Nagaland, North East India vis-à-vis the pork value chain. In Nagaland, two processes are simultaneously present: a high demand of pork and a continous decline in the pig population. The pig population in Nagaland has decreased by almost 42% since 2007 and almost 20% since 2012. Highest pork production in Nagaland was recorded in 2014–2015 with 60.45 thousand metric tonnes and then it declined to 15.77 thousand metric tonnes in 2018–2019. Compounded annual growth rate in pig population and pork production saw negative growth rate during last two decades. In consumption basket, pork constitutes almost 50% of total meat consumed. The state is deficit by 51.34% in meat production in 2017–18. The structure of pig value chain is dominated by small holder farms, traditional out dated technology, unorganized input services, lack of infrastructure, and absence of marketing channels. To make the pig value chain competitive, there is urgent need to revamp the pig production technology, strengthen the marketing infrastructure including slaughter houses, and increase in credit flow in the pig sector.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableIndia is the largest producer of the bananas in the world with an annual production of 29.72 million metric tons (FAO 2014). About 70% of the production is of the Cavendish cultivar Grand Naine (AAA). Recently, the area under the Grand Naine cultivar increased significantly in the state of Uttar Pradesh, India. In June 2017, symptoms of Fusarium wilt of banana were observed in a block of Grand Naine in the Faizabad district in Uttar Pradesh (26.46379°N, 81.59987°E). The affected plants exhibited distinct yellowing symptoms of mature leaves progressing toward the younger leaves. The laminae of the emerging leaves were markedly reduced and shriveled. The leaves collapsed gradually, bending at the petiole. The pseudostem showed longitudinal splitting at the base with distinct vascular discoloration (reddish brown). By September 2017 approximately 42 ha was observed to be affected by the disease. Further survey confirmed symptoms of the disease in the regions of Kushi Nagar (26.73988°N, 83.88697°E) and Ambedkar Nagar (27.10120°N, 81.3112°E).Not Availabl

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Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense Tropical Race 4 (FOC TR4), is one of the newly emerged dreaded pathogens of banana with an established global presence. Fungicides have not been effective in controlling the disease. There are very few effective antagonistic microbes reported for the biological management of this pathogen. In the present study, suppressive soil was selected for isolation of potential biocontrol plant growth-promoting bacteria. The bacterial strain CSR-D4 Bacillus licheniformis was identified with significant antagonistic attributes and plant growth-promoting properties. This strain exhibited a high inhibition percentage (77.59%) against the FOC TR4 pathogen in the dual plate assay. Further, the bioactive metabolite of the strain conferring biocontrol of FOC-TR4 was also identified through the Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrophotometry technique. Our analysis revealed the presence of many antifungal metabolites in the isolate CSR-D4, the majority of which were identified as iturin, fengycin, surfactin, and bacillomycin. These results indicated the involvement of metabolites in the antifungal activity of the strain CSR-D4 against FOC TR4. During sick-pots studies taken with susceptible Cavendish banana cultivar Grand Naine, application of B. licheniformis CSR-D4 showed a significant reduction in the disease incidence percentage (10%). B. licheniformis CSR-D4 treated plants also showed enhanced activity of defense-related enzymes such as β-1,3 glucanase, peroxidase, chitinase, polyphenol oxidase, and phenyl-alanine ammonium lyase compared to FOC TR4 alone treated plants that suggest the occurrence of induced host tolerance in Bacillus licheniformis CSR-D4 treated plants. Our results suggest the antagonistic potential of rhizobacterium Bacillus licheniformis CSR-D4 strain through secreted metabolites mediated the effective biocontrol of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense Tropical Race 4.Not Availabl