Preliminary Map of Selected Mass-Movement Events in Arizona

The primary source of information for this map was the Arizona Department of Transportation (ADOT) Highways Division Maintenance Activity record for the years 1980-1985. The two highway maintenance activities that provided data for this map are described below: 1. Activity 164 - Minor Slide Removal 2. Activit~180 - Major Damage and Disaster Maintenance (contains records of slide removals with costs exceeding $2500.00) Only those ADOT slides with maintenance costs exceeding$1000.00 were plotted on the map. Whenever possible, the symbol for events that involved several miles of roadway was plotted in the approximate midpoint of the damaged interval. whenever necessary, parallels and meridians were projected into regions not previously surveyed by the state of Arizona. Preliminary Map of Selected Mass-Movement Events in Arizona.Documents in the AZGS Document Repository collection are made available by the Arizona Geological Survey (AZGS) and the University Libraries at the University of Arizona. For more information about items in this collection, please contact [email protected]

A comparison of AIRS, MODIS and OMI sulphur dioxide retrievals in volcanic clouds

Volcanic degassing is a major contributor to the global sulphur dioxide (SO 2) budget, characterized by quiescent emissions in the lower troposphere with sporadic, spatially variable explosive eruptions into the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS). The volcanic input of SO 2 to the atmosphere can be quantified using a suite of satellite-based instruments with a range of orbits and resolutions, resulting in differing estimates of SO 2 extent and concentration from eruptions. We compare near-coincident retrievals of SO 2 from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), Atmospheric Infrared Radiation Sounder (AIRS) and OzoneMonitoring Instrument (OMI) at four eruptive settings. The OMI instrument is the most sensitive, with the ability to detect both low and high altitude clouds, but as an ultraviolet sensor, retrievals are limited to daytime, unlike the infrared sensors. AIRS retrievals are up to an order of magnitude less sensitive than OMI, restricted to water-free clouds in the upper troposphere. MODIS has the lowest sensitivity and is therefore constrained to the largest eruptions. Total tonnages from each sensor reflect these varying sensitivities along with potential calibration discrepancies. Results suggest that by using a number of instruments in synergy a more complete method of eruption detection is achieved. © 2011 Taylor & Francis

Volcanic SO2 Masses and Fluxes Cross-comparison using SEVIRI, MODIS, VIIRS, IASI, TROPOMI and AIRS. Test case: Etna December 2018 Eruption

info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublishe

Tropospheric volcanic so2 mass and flux retrievals from satellite. The etna december 2018 eruption

The presence of volcanic clouds in the atmosphere affects air quality, the environment, climate, human health and aviation safety. The importance of the detection and retrieval of volcanic SO2 lies with risk mitigation as well as with the possibility of providing insights into the mechanisms that cause eruptions. Due to their intrinsic characteristics, satellite measurements have become an essential tool for volcanic monitoring. In recent years, several sensors, with different spectral, spatial and temporal resolutions, have been launched into orbit, significantly increasing the effectiveness of the estimation of the various parameters related to the state of volcanic activity. In this work, the SO2 total masses and fluxes were obtained from several satellite sounders—the geostationary (GEO) MSG-SEVIRI and the polar (LEO) Aqua/Terra-MODIS, NPP/NOAA20-VIIRS, Sentinel5p-TROPOMI, MetopA/MetopB-IASI and Aqua-AIRS—and compared to one another. As a test case, the Christmas 2018 Etna eruption was considered. The characteristics of the eruption (tropospheric with low ash content), the large amount of (simultaneously) available data and the different instrument types and SO2 columnar abundance retrieval strategies make this cross-comparison particularly relevant. Results show the higher sensitivity of TROPOMI and IASI and a general good agreement between the SO2 total masses and fluxes obtained from all the satellite instruments. The differences found are either related to inherent instrumental sensitivity or the assumed and/or calculated SO2 cloud height considered as input for the satellite retrievals. Results indicate also that, despite their low revisit time, the LEO sensors are able to provide information on SO2 flux over large time intervals. Finally, a complete error assessment on SO2 flux retrievals using SEVIRI data was realized by considering uncertainties in wind speed and SO2 abundance.SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Specifying the saturation temperature for the HyspIRI 4-μm channel

The investigation of high-temperature natural phenomena, such as wildland fires and active lava flows, is a primary science objective for the proposed Hyperspectral Infrared Imager (HyspIRI) mission. Current planning for HyspIRI includes a mid-infrared (MIR) channel centered at 4 μm that will allow measurement of radiance emitted from high-temperature targets. In this paper we present the results of a study to specify the saturation temperature for the MIR channel. This study was based on reviews of the literature, together with case studies of airborne and satellite-based data acquired over high-temperature targets. The spatial resolution of MIR radiance measurements is an important consideration in the remote sensing of high-temperature phenomena, due to the presence of materials at different temperatures within the area covered by an image pixel. The HyspIRI MIR channel will provide a spatial resolution of 60. m, which is ~ 40 times finer (in terms of area) than the finest spatial resolution provided by heritage instruments (370m). This fine spatial resolution will increase the probability that high-temperature targets fill an image pixel and, therefore, the HyspIRI MIR channel will require a saturation temperature 2 to 4 times higher than the saturation limits of heritage instruments. Based on our study, we recommend a saturation temperature of 1200 K (927°C). This recommendation accounts for the high temperatures expected for natural phenomena, expected performance of the MIR channel, and overlap in sensitivity between the MIR and thermal infrared (7.5-12μm) HyspIRI channels.</p