Properties of Physical Systems: Transient Singularities on Borders and Surface Transitive Zones

Certain alternative properties of physical systems are describable by supports of arguments of response functions (e.g. light cone, borders of media) and expressed by projectors; corresponding equations of restraints lead to dispersion relations, theorems of counting, etc. As supports are measurable, their absolutely strict borders contradict the spirit of quantum theory and their quantum evolution leading to appearance of subtractions or certain needed flattening would be considered. Flattening of projectors introduce transitive zones that can be examined as a specification of adiabatic hypothesis or the Bogoliubov regulatory function in QED. For demonstration of their possibilities the phenomena of refraction and reflection of electromagnetic wave are considered; they show, in particular, the inevitable appearing of double electromagnetic layers on all surfaces that formerly were repeatedly postulated, etc. Quantum dynamics of projectors proves the neediness of subtractions that usually are artificially adding and express transient singularities and zones in squeezed forms.Comment: 12 p

STUDY OF NEMATIC LIQUID CRYSTALS BY MEANS OF THE GUEST DYE DICHROISM

En mesurant le dichroïsme de molécules allongées en solution dans une matrice nématique, on peut obtenir la valeur du paramètre d'ordre d'orientation du cristal liquide (SLC) sans connaissance préalable des propriétés de ce matériau dans sa phase solide. Dans ce cas il est important que les molécules du soluté et du solvant soient isomorphes, et il faut tenir compte de l'anisotropie du champ électrique local de l'onde lumineuse. A cet effet, les indices de réfraction de plusieurs cristaux liquides ont été mesurés au spectrophotomètre et le dichroïsme d'ions sphériques a été déterminé. Les paramètres d'ordre des cristaux liquides ont été déduits des valeurs du rapport de dichroïsme mesurées avec des colorants spécialement choisis et les polarisabilités moléculaires principales ont été calculées pour les mêmes substances, en utilisant nos valeurs de SLC et les indices de réfraction. Les résultats présentés ici ont été obtenus pour la PAA, MBBA, Merck (Phase IV) et quelques cristaux liquides ayant une forte anisotropie diélectrique positive.By measuring the dichroism of rod-like probe molecules dissolved in a nematic matrix the value of the liquid crystal orientational order parameter (SLC) can be obtained without any prior knowledge of the properties of this material in a solid state. In this case it is important that the guest and host molecules be isomorphic, and the anisotropy of the local light field be taken into account. To this effect the refractive indices of some liquid crystals have been measured spectrophotometrically and the dichroism of spherical ions has been investigated. The order parameters of liquid crystals were deduced from values of the dichroic ratio measured with the specially choosen probe dye and the principal molecular polarizabilities were calculated for the same substances, using our SLC values and refractive indices. The results reported have been obtained for p-azoxyanisole, MBBA, Merck (Phase IV) and some liquid crystals with a strong positive dielectric anisotropy