Using off analogous ph-test and pepsinogenemia study for noninvasive estimation of stress-related erosions and ulcers prevention in cardiosurgical patients

Based on 40 clinic cases the important diagnostic role of analogous pH-test and dynamic pepsinogenemia study was validated for effect estimation of the antisecretory drugs, which were dedicated for prevention and treatment of stress-related gastroduodenal mucosal damage in cardiosurgical patients. It was defined, that getting therapy have to objective the control pH in interval 4,0 and more during planned interventions, 6,0 and more - during emergency interventions. The data about important clinical role of pepsinogenemia in diagnosis of stress-related gastroduodenal mucosal damage was received.На основании 40 клинических случаев обоснована важная диагностическая роль аналогового pH-теста и динамического исследования пепсиногенемии для оценки эффективности антисекреторной активности препаратов, назначаемых для профилактики и лечения стрессового повреждения гастродуоденальной зоны у кардиохирургических больных. Определено, что проводимая терапия должна иметь целью контроль pH в диапазоне 4,0 и более при выполнении плановых операций, 6,0 и более - при неотложных операциях. Полученны данные о важном клиническом значении избыточной пепсиногенемии для диагностики стресс-зависимого поражения гастродуоденальной слизистой оболочки

Internet of Things for Environmental Sustainability and Climate Change

Our world is vulnerable to climate change risks such as glacier retreat, rising temperatures, more variable and intense weather events (e.g., floods, droughts, and frosts), deteriorating mountain ecosystems, soil degradation, and increasing water scarcity. However, there are big gaps in our understanding of changes in regional climate and how these changes will impact human and natural systems, making it difficult to anticipate, plan, and adapt to the coming changes. The IoT paradigm in this area can enhance our understanding of regional climate by using technology solutions, while providing the dynamic climate elements based on integrated environmental sensing and communications that is necessary to support climate change impacts assessments in each of the related areas (e.g., environmental quality and monitoring, sustainable energy, agricultural systems, cultural preservation, and sustainable mining). In the IoT in Environmental Sustainability and Climate Change chapter, a framework for informed creation, interpretation and use of climate change projections and for continued innovations in climate and environmental science driven by key societal and economic stakeholders is presented. In addition, the IoT cyberinfrastructure to support the development of continued innovations in climate and environmental science is discussed

What Is Stochastic Resonance? Definitions, Misconceptions, Debates, and Its Relevance to Biology

Stochastic resonance is said to be observed when increases in levels of unpredictable fluctuations—e.g., random noise—cause an increase in a metric of the quality of signal transmission or detection performance, rather than a decrease. This counterintuitive effect relies on system nonlinearities and on some parameter ranges being “suboptimal”. Stochastic resonance has been observed, quantified, and described in a plethora of physical and biological systems, including neurons. Being a topic of widespread multidisciplinary interest, the definition of stochastic resonance has evolved significantly over the last decade or so, leading to a number of debates, misunderstandings, and controversies. Perhaps the most important debate is whether the brain has evolved to utilize random noise in vivo, as part of the “neural code”. Surprisingly, this debate has been for the most part ignored by neuroscientists, despite much indirect evidence of a positive role for noise in the brain. We explore some of the reasons for this and argue why it would be more surprising if the brain did not exploit randomness provided by noise—via stochastic resonance or otherwise—than if it did. We also challenge neuroscientists and biologists, both computational and experimental, to embrace a very broad definition of stochastic resonance in terms of signal-processing “noise benefits”, and to devise experiments aimed at verifying that random variability can play a functional role in the brain, nervous system, or other areas of biology