Inhomogeneous charged pion condensation phenomenon in the NJL2_2 model with quark number and isospin chemical potentials

The properties of two-flavored massive Nambu--Jona-Lasinio model in (1+1)-dimensional spacetime are investigated in the presence of isospin and quark number chemical potentials. The consideration is performed in the large-$N_c$ limit, where $N_c$ is the number of colored quarks. It is shown in the framework of this model that charged pion condensation phenomenon of dense quark/hadron isotopically asymmetric matter is rather a spatially inhomogeneous than a homogeneous one.Comment: 11 pages, 8 figures; version accepted for publication in PRD. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1106.2928, arXiv:1102.407

New phase structure of the Nambu -- Jona - Lasinio model at nonzero chemical potential

It is shown that in the Nambu -- Jona - Lasinio model at nonzero chemical potential there are two different massive phases with spontaneously broken chiral symmetry. In one of them particle density is identically zero, in another phase it is not equal to zero. The transition between phases is a phase transition of the second order.Comment: 8 pages, LaTeX, no figures

Well-Posed Two-Temperature Constitutive Equations for Stable Dense Fluid Shockwaves using Molecular Dynamics and Generalizations of Navier-Stokes-Fourier Continuum Mechanics

Guided by molecular dynamics simulations, we generalize the Navier-Stokes-Fourier constitutive equations and the continuum motion equations to include both transverse and longitudinal temperatures. To do so we partition the contributions of the heat transfer, the work done, and the heat flux vector between the longitudinal and transverse temperatures. With shockwave boundary conditions time-dependent solutions of these equations converge to give stationary shockwave profiles. The profiles include anisotropic temperature and can be fitted to molecular dynamics results, demonstrating the utility and simplicity of a two-temperature description of far-from-equilibrium states.Comment: 19 pages with 10 figures, revised following review at Physical Review E and with additional figure/discussion, for presentation at the International Summer School and Conference "Advanced Problems in Mechanics" [Saint Petersburg, Russia] 1-5 July 2010

Effect of the Deposition Parameters on the Phase-Structure State, Hardness, and Tribological Characteristics of Mo2 N/CrN Vacuum - Arc Multilayer Coatings

A complex study has been performed of the effect of the technological parameters, which are responsible for the energy states of deposited particles, on the elemental, phase and structure compositions, hardness, and tribological characteristics of formed vacuum-arc multilayer Mo2N/CrN systems with a nanometric thickness. The formation of two phase and structure types has been defined in combined nitride layers: γ-Mo2N/CrN with the isostructural cubic crystalline lattices and γ-Mo2N/CrN with nonisostructural cubic and hexagonal lattice

Russian Military Personnel Under Institutional Reforms: Professional Attitude and Identity

Russian military reform influences conditions and mechanisms of professionalization of the servicemen's consciousness, their values and labor strategies. Multiple increase in the personnel wages, benefits for improving housing conditions, medical care, etc., allow the military to claim a special social position compared with the civilian population. Military reforms expand the opportunities for social mobility in the army, and the profession of the serviceman becomes again a competitive one. The research findings of the mass survey of 470 servicemen in Moscow and 256 servicemen in Rostov-on-Don, complemented by in-depth interviews with 15 officers demonstrate a positive trend in social status military positions in Russia. At present, among servicemen living in major cities, pragmatic orientations prevail, combined with a set of specific values (military duty, patriotism, partnership, attitude to one's profession as a calling), which form the basis of military-corporate identity. Dynasties (mainly relatives from military families are recruited) and the possibility of social mobility, which attracts representatives of low-income families and residents of rural areas, are the mechanisms of strengthening the corporate professional identity. The research findings indicate a greater degree of professionalization of the Moscow military personnel’s consciousness and the growth of pragmatic orientations in their work, a neutral prestige assessment of the military profession and a higher satisfaction with the quality of their lives. Professional identity is important, but not a prior component of their self-determination. For the Rostov servicemen, civil-patriotic and material-monetary parameters of professional activity are more significant indicators. Military identity is an axial characteristic of their identity. However, the claims about the significance of their work do not coincide with the assessment of their socio-economic security for the Rostov military personnel. Thus, the transition to the professional army model implies a shift from the heroic and patriotic foundations of the servicemen's identity to the growth of rational professional orientations. In the capital of Russia, this vector of transformation is more expressed than in the South-Russian region. Thus, in the face of the economic crisis and unresolved issues of army's modernization, the expectations for the privileged position of professional soldiers are inadequate for their real socioeconomic support

Chromomagnetic Catalysis of Color Superconductivity in a (2+1)-dimensional NJL Model

The influence of a constant uniform external chromomagnetic field $H$ on the formation of color superconductivity has been investigated. The consideration was performed in the framework of a (2+1)-dimensional Nambu--Jona-Lasinio model with two different four-fermionic structures responsible for $$and diquark$$ condensates. In particular, it was shown that there exists a critical value $H_c$ of the external chromomagnetic field such that at $H>H_c$ a nonvanishing diquark condensate is dynamically created (the so-called chromomagnetic catalysis effect of color superconductivity). Moreover, external chromomagnetic fields may in some cases enhance the diquark condensate of color superconductivity.Comment: 32 pages, 2 figures, revte

Relativistic field theories in a magnetic background as noncommutative field theories

We study the connection of the dynamics in relativistic field theories in a strong magnetic field with the dynamics of noncommutative field theories (NCFT). As an example, the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio models in spatial dimensions $d \geq 2$ are considered. We show that this connection is rather sophisticated. In fact, the corresponding NCFT are different from the conventional ones considered in the literature. In particular, the UV/IR mixing is absent in these theories. The reason of that is an inner structure (i.e., dynamical form-factors) of neutral composites which plays an important role in providing consistency of the NCFT. An especially interesting case is that for a magnetic field configuration with the maximal number of independent nonzero tensor components. In that case, we show that the NCFT are finite for even $d$ and their dynamics is quasi-(1+1)-dimensional for odd $d$. For even $d$, the NCFT describe a confinement dynamics of charged particles. The difference between the dynamics in strong magnetic backgrounds in field theories and that in string theories is briefly discussed.Comment: 19 pages, REVTeX4, clarifications added, references added, to appear in Phys. Rev.

Health assessment of hydro-ecosystems based on homeostasis indicators of fish: Review of approaches

This paper reviews scientific literature concerning the possibility of using aspects of physiological responses of fish to environmental stressors and their indicators to assess vulnerability (‘health’) of hydro-ecosystems of various types. Based on the available information, the authors have found that most of these methods are quite complex, they require a researcher to have specialized skills, involve considerable time and costs, and therefore are not widely used in research on natural water bodies. These factors allowed the author to determine the aim of the paper: the analysis of the most representative and relatively simple methods of health assessment of hydro-ecosystems by using fish as biological indicators. Some of the known concepts are then discussed, demonstrating the possibility of describing and monitoring changes in hydro-ecosystems according to morphometric parameters and fish growth variability. The paper indicates that such approaches can be justified and illustrative only when the ecosystem is assessed in clearly defined local terms. The review of literature on the influence of different biotic and abiotic factors and their mutagenic action on fish suggests that the micronucleus (MN) test in fish erythrocytes is one of the most important and relatively simple assessment methods. Our research emphasizes that there is a need to pay attention in the assessment process both to the measurement units used in the presentation of research results and to their interpretation regarding the level of spontaneous mutations among fish, which differs according to various sources. The research suggests that such complications can be avoided by clarifying the levels of ontogenetic ‘noise’ for hydro-ecosystems of specific geographic zones. Taking into consideration the existing generalization of scientific facts about significant destabilization in the development of organisms when water is polluted even at low levels, the paper focuses on the opportunity to assess health of hydro-ecosystems using the fluctuating asymmetry index (FA). This study indicates that such assessments have the benefit of close correlation between the parameters of fish development stability and levels of water pollution. However there is an obvious risk of obtaining serious measurement errors in determining the level of FA. Based on the foregoing, this paper uses the registration of changes in fish homeostasis in order to expand the understanding of both the possibility of assessing the effects of combined ratings of water pollution and the background conditions in which harmful elements and compounds act. The authors substantiate the feasibility of combining several relatively simple and descriptive assessment methods and conclude that there is a need to elaborate criteria for the development of health of hydro-ecosystems within specific geographic zones

Health assessment of hydro-ecosystems based on homeostasis indicators of fish: Review of approaches

Розширено уявлення про можливість оцінок наслідків комбінованих ефектів забруднення водойм і умови, на фоні котрих діють шкідливі елементи та сполуки, шляхом реєстрації змін показників гомеостазу риб. Більшість таких методів достатньо складні, потребують спеціальних навичок дослідника, значних матеріальних і часових затрат, тому не можуть широко застосовуватись у дослідженнях природних водойм. Проведений аналіз реакцій організму риб на мутагенну дію біотичних та абіотичних факторів показує, що до найважливіших та відносно простих методів належить мікроядерне тестування периферійної крові риб. Наголошено на необхідності звертати увагу як на одиниці виміру результатів досліджень, так і на їх інтерпретацію відносно рівнів спонтанних мутацій. Зроблено припущення, що таких ускладнень можна уникнути шляхом з’ясування рівнів онтогенетичного «шуму» для гідроекосистем окремих фізико-географічних регіонів. Узагальнено факти про помітну дестабілізацію розвитку організмів за незначних порушень водного середовища. Акцентовано увагу на можливості оцінки «здоров’я» гідроекосистем за показниками флуктуюючої асиметрії риб. Перевагами подібних оцінок є тісна кореляція параметрів стабільності розвитку риб із рівнями забруднення води, однак існує очевидна загроза отримання високої похибки вимірювань пыд час установлення рівнів флуктуючої асиметрії. Зроблено висновок про доцільність поєднання декількох відносно простих і показових методів і розробки критеріїв «здоров’я» гідроекосистем у межах окремих фізико-географічних зон. Розширено уявлення про можливість оцінок наслідків комбінованих ефектів забруднення водойм і умови, на фоні котрих діють шкідливі елементи та сполуки, шляхом реєстрації змін показників гомеостазу риб. Більшість таких методів достатньо складні, потребують спеціальних навичок дослідника, значних матеріальних і часових затрат, тому не можуть широко застосовуватись у дослідженнях природних водойм. Проведений аналіз реакцій організму риб на мутагенну дію біотичних та абіотичних факторів показує, що до найважливіших та відносно простих методів належить мікроядерне тестування периферійної крові риб. Наголошено на необхідності звертати увагу як на одиниці виміру результатів досліджень, так і на їх інтерпретацію відносно рівнів спонтанних мутацій. Зроблено припущення, що таких ускладнень можна уникнути шляхом з’ясування рівнів онтогенетичного «шуму» для гідроекосистем окремих фізико-географічних регіонів. Узагальнено факти про помітну дестабілізацію розвитку організмів за незначних порушень водного середовища. Акцентовано увагу на можливості оцінки «здоров’я» гідроекосистем за показниками флуктуюючої асиметрії риб. Перевагами подібних оцінок є тісна кореляція параметрів стабільності розвитку риб із рівнями забруднення води, однак існує очевидна загроза отримання високої похибки вимірювань пыд час установлення рівнів флуктуючої асиметрії. Зроблено висновок про доцільність поєднання декількох відносно простих і показових методів і розробки критеріїв «здоров’я» гідроекосистем у межах окремих фізико-географічних зон. This paper reviews scientific literature concerning the possibility of using aspects of physiological responses of fish to environmental stressors and their indicators to assess vulnerability (‘health’) of hydro-ecosystems of various types. Based on the available information, the authors have found that most of these methods are quite complex, they require a researcher to have specialized skills, involve considerable time and costs, and therefore are not widely used in research on natural water bodies. These factors allowed the author to determine the aim of the paper: the analysis of the most representative and relatively simple methods of health assessment of hydro-ecosystems by using fish as biological indicators. Some of the known concepts are then discussed, demonstrating the possibility of describing and monitoring changes in hydro-ecosystems according to morphometric parameters and fish growth variability. The paper indicates that such approaches can be justified and illustrative only when the ecosystem is assessed in clearly defined local terms. The review of literature on the influence of different biotic and abiotic factors and their mutagenic action on fish suggests that the micronucleus (MN) test in fish erythrocytes is one of the most important and relatively simple assessment methods. Our research emphasizes that there is a need to pay attention in the assessment process both to the measurement units used in the presentation of research results and to their interpretation regarding the level of spontaneous mutations among fish, which differs according to various sources. The research suggests that such complications can be avoided by clarifying the levels of ontogenetic ‘noise’ for hydro-ecosystems of specific geographic zones. Taking into consideration the existing generalization of scientific facts about significant destabilization in the development of organisms when water is polluted even at low levels, the paper focuses on the opportunity to assess health of hydro-ecosystems using the fluctuating asymmetry index (FA). This study indicates that such assessments have the benefit of close correlation between the parameters of fish development stability and levels of water pollution. However there is an obvious risk of obtaining serious measurement errors in determining the level of FA. Based on the foregoing, this paper uses the registration of changes in fish homeostasis in order to expand the understanding of both the possibility of assessing the effects of combined ratings of water pollution and the background conditions in which harmful elements and compounds act. The authors substantiate the feasibility of combining several relatively simple and descriptive assessment methods and conclude that there is a need to elaborate criteria for the development of health of hydro-ecosystems within specific geographic zones

Dynamical symmetry breaking in the Nambu-Jona-Lasino model with external gravitational and constant electric fields

An investigation of the Nambu-Jona-Lasino model with external constant electric and weak gravitational fields is carried out in three- and four- dimensional spacetimes. The effective potential of the composite bifermionic fields is calculated keeping terms linear in the curvature, while the electric field effect is treated exactly by means of the proper- time formalism. A rich dynamical symmetry breaking pattern, accompanied by phase transitions which are ruled, independently, by both the curvature and the electric field strength is found. Numerical simulations of the transitions are presented.Comment: 20 pages, LaTeX, 6 .ps-figures, Final version published in "Classical and Quantum Gravity