179 research outputs found
Accurate Determination of Conformational Transitions in Oligomeric Membrane Proteins
The structural dynamics governing collective motions in oligomeric membrane proteins play key roles in vital biomolecular processes at cellular membranes. In this study, we present a structural refinement approach that combines solid-state NMR experiments and molecular simulations to accurately describe concerted conformational transitions identifying the overall structural, dynamical, and topological states of oligomeric membrane proteins. The accuracy of the structural ensembles generated with this method is shown to reach the statistical error limit, and is further demonstrated by correctly reproducing orthogonal NMR data. We demonstrate the accuracy of this approach by characterising the pentameric state of phospholamban, a key player in the regulation of calcium uptake in the sarcoplasmic reticulum, and by probing its dynamical activation upon phosphorylation. Our results underline the importance of using an ensemble approach to characterise the conformational transitions that are often responsible for the biological function of oligomeric membrane protein states
Π‘ΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π΄Π΅ΡΠΈΠ±ΡΠΈΠ»Π»ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ ΠΈΠΌΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠ² Π½Π° Π±Π°Π·Π΅ Π³ΠΈΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π·Ρ Π³Π°ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π΅ΡΠΈΠ±ΡΠΈΠ»Π»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ
The aim of this study is to compare, on the basis of the guaranteed defibrillation hypothesis, the energy efficiency of a trapezoidal defibrillation pulse with fixed rise and fall times with the main types of defibrillation pulses: truncated exponential with the tilt of 50%, rectangular and half-sine. The study was carried out using the ten TusscherβPanfilov 2006 human ventricular myocyte model subjected to simulated fibrillation in the BeatBox simulation environment. Depolarizing excitation stimuli with a high frequency were used to simulate fibrillation. The results of computer simulation based on the hypothesis of the guaranteed defibrillation showed that defibrillation pulses are energetically efficient (have low values of threshold energy of defibrillation) in a rather narrow range of phase duration values, beyond which a rapid increase in the threshold energy is observed. In terms of energy efficiency, the trapezoidal pulse with the sloping rise and fall is very close to the half-sine one, and at the same time it has a wider range of energetically effective durations.Significantly higher minimum threshold energy of guaranteed defibrillation is a characteristic of rectangular and truncated exponential pulses, while the truncated exponential pulse has a more uniform characteristic in the area of energetically effective durations. From the results obtained, it can be assumed that the maximum duration of the phases of the defibrillation pulse should be limited to the value of no more than 9ms. In this case, the nominal delivered energy at the load impedance of 175β¦ should be at least 140J. The possibility of increasing the pulse duration without a significant drop in its energy efficiency will ensure the delivery of more energy in patients with high transthoracic impedance and, accordingly, a greater probability of successful defibrillation. The above will also increase the probability of successful defibrillation in patients with defibrillation electrodes placement errors.Β Gorbunov B. B., Vostrikov V. A., Nesterenko I. V., Telyshev D. V. Comparison of the energy efficiency of defibrillation pulses based on the hypothesis of guaranteed defibrillation. Ural Radio Engineering Journal. 2021;5(4):353β368. (In Russ.) DOI: 10.15826/urej.2021.5.4.002.Π¦Π΅Π»ΡΡ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ Π³ΠΈΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π·Ρ Π³Π°ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π΅ΡΠΈΠ±ΡΠΈΠ»Π»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π±ΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΈΠ΄Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠΌΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΠ° Ρ ΡΠΈΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΡΡΠΎΠ½ΡΠ° ΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅Π·Π° Ρ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΈΠΏΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π΄Π΅ΡΠΈΠ±ΡΠΈΠ»Π»ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΈΠΌΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠ²: ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ°ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΈΠ΄Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ (truncated exponential) ΡΠΎ ΡΠΏΠ°Π΄ΠΎΠΌ Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΠ½Ρ 50%, ΠΏΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΠ³ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠΈΠ΄Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ. Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π° Π±Π°Π·Π΅ Π³ΠΈΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π·Ρ Π³Π°ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π΅ΡΠΈΠ±ΡΠΈΠ»Π»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΠΈ, ΡΡΠΎ Π΄Π΅ΡΠΈΠ±ΡΠΈΠ»Π»ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠΌΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΡ ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½Ρ (ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΈΠΈ Π΄Π΅ΡΠΈΠ±ΡΠΈΠ»Π»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ) Π² Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ·ΠΊΠΎΠΌ Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΠΏΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ½Π΅ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π΄Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·, Π·Π° ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡΠ΄Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π±ΡΡΡΡΡΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΈΠΈ. ΠΠΎ ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΡΠ°ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΈΠ΄Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΈΠΌΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠ½ΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅Π·ΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π±Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠΊ ΠΊ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠΈΠ΄Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡ, ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΠ½ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π΅Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΠΏΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ½ ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
Π΄Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ. Π‘ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΡΡ ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΈΡ Π³Π°ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π΅ΡΠΈΠ±ΡΠΈΠ»Π»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΏΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΠ³ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΡΠ°ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΈΠ΄Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΠΎ ΡΠΏΠ°Π΄ΠΎΠΌ Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΠ½Ρ 0,5 ΠΈΠΌΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΡ, ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΡΠ°ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΈΠ΄Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΈΠΌΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π΅Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΡ Π² ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
Π΄Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ. ΠΠ· ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ Π΄Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ°Π· Π΄Π΅ΡΠΈΠ±ΡΠΈΠ»Π»ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠΌΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΠ° ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π½Π΅ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ 9 ΠΌΡ. ΠΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΌ Π½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ Π²ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΈΡ Π½Π° ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π½Π°Π³ΡΡΠ·ΠΊΠΈ 175 ΠΠΌ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½Π° ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΡΡ Π½Π΅ ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΅ 140 ΠΠΆ. ΠΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈΠΌΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΠ° Π±Π΅Π· Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠ°Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡ Π²ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΈΠΈ Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Ρ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π³ΡΡΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ, ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ, Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΡΡ Π²Π΅ΡΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π΅ΡΠΈΠ±ΡΠΈΠ»Π»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ. Π£ΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Π²ΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π²Π΅ΡΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π΅ΡΠΈΠ±ΡΠΈΠ»Π»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΎΡΠΈΠ±ΠΊΠ°Ρ
Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄Π΅ΡΠΈΠ±ΡΠΈΠ»Π»ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΡ
ΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
Π΄Π΅ΡΠΈΠ±ΡΠΈΠ»Π»ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ².Β ΠΠΎΡΠ±ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ² Π.Π., ΠΠΎΡΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² Π.Π., ΠΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΎ Π.Π., Π’Π΅Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π² Π.Π. Π‘ΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π΄Π΅ΡΠΈΠ±ΡΠΈΠ»Π»ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΈΠΌΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠ² Π½Π° Π±Π°Π·Π΅ Π³ΠΈΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π·Ρ Π³Π°ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π΅ΡΠΈΠ±ΡΠΈΠ»Π»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ. Ural Radio Engineering Journal. 2021;5(4):353β368. DOI: 10.15826/urej.2021.5.4.002.
ΠΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈ Π±Π΅Π·ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π΅ΡΠΈΠ±ΡΠΈΠ»Π»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡΠ΄ΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ² ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΄ΡΠ°: ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΈ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°
The paper provides the results of the 1990β2010 experimental and clinical studies on the optimization of the efficiency of electrical ventricular defibrillation using the Russian bipolar quasi-sinusoidal impulse. The comprehensive study of the influence of major cardiac and extracardiac factors, such as heart failure, the type and duration of fibrillation, its amplitude and frequency characteristics, chest resistance, electrode sizes, administration of antiarrhythmic drugs, and phase 2 impulse amplitude on the efficiency and safety of defibrillation, could formulate a number of new propositions and solve some methodological and methodic issues. The dose-dependent effectiveness of the quasi-sinusoidal impulse has been first investigated in patients with induced, spontaneous primary and secondary fibrillation and ventricular tachycardia. Low-energy (Key words: defibrillation, bipolar quasi-sinusoidal impulse.ΠΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ (1990β2010 Π³.), ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π΅ΡΠΈΠ±ΡΠΈΠ»Π»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡΠ΄ΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ² ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΄ΡΠ° ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΈΠΌΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠΌ Π±ΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠ²Π°Π·ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠΈΠ΄Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΡ. ΠΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΄ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈ ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ°ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΄ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² (ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ: ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ½Π°Ρ Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ, Π²ΠΈΠ΄ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠΈΠ±ΡΠΈΠ»Π»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ, Π΅Π΅ Π°ΠΌΠΏΠ»ΠΈΡΡΠ΄Π½ΠΎ-ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ, ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π³ΡΡΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΊΠΈ, ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ΅Ρ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ², Π²Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ², Π°ΠΌΠΏΠ»ΠΈΡΡΠ΄Π° 2-ΠΉ ΡΠ°Π·Ρ ΠΈΠΌΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°) Π½Π° ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈ Π±Π΅Π·ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π΄Π΅ΡΠΈΠ±ΡΠΈΠ»Π»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ»ΠΎ ΡΡΠΎΡΠΌΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΡΠ΄ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΡ. ΠΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π° Π΄ΠΎΠ·ΠΎΠ·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Ρ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΊΠ²Π°Π·ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠΈΠ΄Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠΌΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΠ° Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Ρ Π²ΡΠ·Π²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ, ΡΠΏΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ Π²ΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΠ±ΡΠΈΠ»Π»ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ, ΠΈ ΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡΠ΄ΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°Ρ
ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΄ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ. Π£ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π° Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠ°Ρ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π½Π΅Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΈ
ΠΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ Π΄Π΅ΡΠΈΠ±ΡΠΈΠ»Π»ΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π²Π½Π΅Π·Π°ΠΏΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΄ΡΠ° Π½Π° Π΄ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΠ°ΠΏΠ΅
The past decade is marked by very high cardiovascular mortality rates in Russia. Sudden death caused by ventricular fibrillation and asystole is one of the leading reasons for the high mortality. Sudden out-of-hospital cardiac arrest occurs in as high as 70β80% of the cases. The key factor that determines the success of resuscitation and survival in patients with cardiac arrest due to fibrillation is early defibrillation (within the first 5 minutes). Small-sized automated external defibrilla-tors that can be used not only by medical workers, but also paramedics and educated population should be introduced into prehospital resuscitative care to solve this problem in this country.ΠΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄Π½Π΅Π΅ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΡΠΈΠ»Π΅ΡΠΈΠ΅ Π² Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠ°Ρ Π»Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΎΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡΡ
Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ. ΠΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ· Π²Π΅Π΄ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π»Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π²Π½Π΅Π·Π°ΠΏΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π²ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΠ±ΡΠΈΠ»Π»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡΠ΄ΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΈ Π°ΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΈ. ΠΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΌ Π΄ΠΎ 70β80% ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅Π² Π²Π½Π΅Π·Π°ΠΏΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΄ΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ Π²Π½Π΅ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΈΡΡ. ΠΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠΌ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ, ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΡΡΠΈΠΌ ΡΡΠΏΠ΅Ρ
ΡΠ΅Π°Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ Π²ΡΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Ρ ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΄ΡΠ° Π²ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΈΠ±ΡΠΈΠ»Π»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ, ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π½Π½Π΅ΠΉ (Π² ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΡΡ
5 ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΡΡ) Π΄Π΅ΡΠΈΠ±ΡΠΈΠ»Π»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ. ΠΠ»Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΡ Π² Π½Π°ΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ Π²Π½Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΡ Π² ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΡ Π΄ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π°Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ³Π°Π±Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π°ΡΡΠΆΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π΄Π΅ΡΠΈΠ±ΡΠΈΠ»Π»ΡΡΠΎΡΡ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΡ Π½Π΅ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ, Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅
ΠΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡ Π΄Π΅ΡΠΈΠ±ΡΠΈΠ»Π»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΄ΡΠ°
The year 2012 is the anniversary year of the Russian history of cardiac defibrillation. Two anniversaries associated with the name of N. L. Gurvich, the founder of impulse defibrillation by high-voltage capacitor discharge, are being celebrated this year.2012 Π³ΠΎΠ΄ β ΡΠ±ΠΈΠ»Π΅ΠΉΠ½ΡΠΉ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ Π΄Π΅ΡΠΈΠ±ΡΠΈΠ»Π»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΄ΡΠ°. Π ΡΡΠΎΠΌ Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ Π΄Π²Π° ΡΠ±ΠΈΠ»Π΅Ρ, ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Ρ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅ΠΌ Π. Π. ΠΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ° β ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΈΠΌΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π΅ΡΠΈΠ±ΡΠΈΠ»Π»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ°
Application of microwave photonics in fiber optical sensors
Microwave photonics is a new scientific and technical area of research, which was formed as a result of intensive development of such fields as fiber, integrated and nonlinear optics, laser physics, optoelectronics and microelectronics. A positive trend in the field of microwave photonic devices development has appeared in recent decades. The trend is related to the fact that these devices can operate in ultra-high and super-high frequencies and microwave ranges, and have parameters, which are unattainable by conventional electronic devices. Technical characteristics of microwave
photonic measuring systems are comparable with those of traditional fiber-optic sensors. This technology can be used both for creation of new measuring devices and improvement of existing other types of measuring systems. This paper presents an analytical review of microwave photonics application technologies in fiber-optic measuring instruments. The general design concept for microwave photonic fiber-optic measuring devices is considered in the first part of the review paper. Microwave photonic filters are presented, which are the key elements of microwave photonic fiber-optic
measuring devices. Their design technologies are described with indication of the features, advantages and disadvantages. Methods for creation of microwave photonic finite impulse response filters with positive and negative coefficients are considered. The following sections are devoted directly to the analysis of microwave photonic fiber-optic measuring devices and contain classification of such devices according to their principle of operation. The classification of spectral and interferometric microwave photonic fiber-optic measuring devices with indication of their distinctive features is proposed. Experimental data of the most common sensors is presented and analyzed; the main characteristics and areas of their practical application are presented for each of them. New approaches and methods are considered for creation
of microwave photonic measuring systems and improvement of tactical and technical characteristics of existing devices. Comparison between microwave photonic fiber-optic measuring devices and traditional fiber-optic measuring systems is performed. According to comparison results, conclusions can be drawn about applicability of microwave photonic fiber-optic measuring devices and advantages of their use compared to other fiber-optic sensors.Π Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ° ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΌ Π½Π°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΎΡΡ Π² ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½-ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ½Π½Π°Ρ, ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΈ Π½Π΅Π»ΠΈΠ½Π΅ΠΉΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΊΠ°, Π»Π°Π·Π΅ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠΊΠ°, ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎ- ΠΈ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°. Π ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΡΠΈΠ»Π΅ΡΠΈΡ Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡΠ΄Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ², ΡΡΠ° ΡΠ΅Π½Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Π° Ρ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π²Π°ΡΡ ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π° ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠ°Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡ
Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡ Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ, Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΆΠΈΠΌΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π°ΠΌΠΈ. Π₯Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈ-ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠΌΡ Ρ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎ-ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π΄Π°ΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ², Π΄Π°Π½Π½Π°Ρ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎ-Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π±ΡΡΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π° ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈΠ±ΠΎΡΠΎΠ², ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΆΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ². Π ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΎΠ±Π·ΠΎΡ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ²
ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΉ Π² Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎ-ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈΠ±ΠΎΡΠ°Ρ
. Π ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΠ±Π·ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΠΏ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎ-ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈΠ±ΠΎΡΠΎΠ². ΠΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π° ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ β ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΡΡΡ. ΠΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅Ρ
-Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ ΡΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ, ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΈΠΌΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ² ΠΈ Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΎΠ². Π Π°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Ρ ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΡΡΠΎΠ² Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠΌΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΉ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΡ-ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ. ΠΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π·Π΄Π΅Π»Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π½Π΅ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Ρ ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎ-ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ΅-ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈΠ±ΠΎΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Ρ ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ² ΠΏΠΎ ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΠΏΡ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ. ΠΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π° ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎ-ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈΠ±ΠΎΡΠΎΠ² Ρ ΡΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΈΡ
ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ². ΠΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅, ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π΄Π°ΡΡΠΈ-ΠΊΠΎΠ². Π Π°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΈ ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠΎ-ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈΠ±ΠΎΡΠΎΠ². ΠΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊ ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠΎ-
ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎ-ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈΠ±ΠΎΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎ-ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π΄Π°ΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ², ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π°ΡΡ Π²ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠΏΠ° ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈΠ±ΠΎΡΠΎΠ², Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΈΠΌΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π°Ρ
ΠΈΡ
ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎ-ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π΄Π°ΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ
Comprehensive Thermodynamic Study of Alkyl-Cyclohexanes as Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carriers Motifs
Alkyl-cyclohexanes can be considered as suitable model compounds to understand the thermochemistry of aromatic compounds and their hydrogenated counterparts discussed as Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carrier systems. Thermochemical measurements on these hydrogen-rich compounds are thwarted by complications due to the 99.9 % purity limitation and sample size specific to these methods. However, the data on vaporisation and formation enthalpies are necessary to optimize the hydrogenation/dehydrogenation processes. In this work, various empirical and theoretical methods are described to reliably assess the gas phase enthalpies of formation and vaporization enthalpies of alkyl-substituted cyclohexanes. The empirical and quantum-chemical methods have been validated against reliable literature data and provide reasonable estimates with an accuracy comparable to that of the experimental data. The liquid phase enthalpies of formation of differently shaped alkyl-cyclohexanes were derived and used to estimate the energetics of their dehydrogenation reactions. The influence of alkyl substituents on the reaction enthalpy is discussed. The vapour pressures of typical hydrogen-rich compounds at technically relevant temperatures were calculated and compared to vapour pressures of biodiesel fuels measured in this work using the static method
Polymorphism rs3088232 in the BRDT gene is associated with idiopathic male infertility in the West Siberian Region of Russia
Allelic variants of genes involved in spermatogenesis can contribute to the genetic predisposition to idiopathic male infertility. In the present study we investigated the association of polymorphism rs3088232 in the BRDT gene with the risk of this pathology on the sample of 105 infertile patients and 230 healthy controls. We revealed the association of allele G (ORΒ =Β 1.80; CIΒ 1.16β2.80; pΒ =Β 0.008) and genotype GG (ORΒ =Β 6.47; CIΒ 1.23β34.15; pΒ =Β 0.01) with idiopathic male infertility
- β¦