Legal Regulation of Relations in the Sphere of Crowdfunding in the Republic of Belarus

Objective: to study the theoretical and legal bases of crowdfunding and to elaborate scientifically grounded proposals for improving the Republic of Belarus legislation in this sphere.Methods: the methodological basis of the research is a system of principles, methods and techniques of studying the general regularities of emergence, formation and development of social-legal phenomena. In the research, general and specific methods of scientific cognition were used: analysis, synthesis, comparative-legal, logical, systemic, formal-legal, dialectic and other methods.Results: the history of emergence and formation of crowdfunding was analyzed. The social-economic and technical-technological factors were revealed, which facilitate the popularization of crowdfunding among the Internet users. The origins of the “crowdfunding” notion were discussed, as well as its filling with a definite meaning. The types of crowdfunding were listed, depending on the goal of investment on the part of investors. The main subject composition of legal relations in crowdfunding was established, which consists of the following persons: funding seeker; funder; operator of online-funding service. The overall algorithm of legal relations between the main subjects of crowdfunding was described. The positive and negative aspects of crowdfunding were characterized. An overall analysis of foreign legislation in the crowdfunding legal regulation was performed. Based on the analysis, the general trends of legislation development were presented. The program and normative legal acts on developing crowdfunding in the Republic of Belarus were reviewed. The probable contract models of the parties’ legal relations registering were named. The technical and legal requirements to the functional of an online-funding service were determined. The minimal necessary set of measures was proposed, which may prevent risks and threats associated with procurement and extension of funds through onlinefunding services. Based on the operator functions, specific requirements to the rules of online-funding service were determined.Scientific novelty: the author comprehensively studied the notion, legal nature and features of legal regulation of crowdfunding. The factors were revealed, which influence the formation of the legal norms regulating the procurement and extension of funds through online-funding services. The author elaborated proposals for improving the Republic of Belarus legislation in the sphere of social relations under study.Practical significance: the research results are significant for developing the studies in the sphere of civil, economic, and informational law. The obtained results may be used in teaching a course in civil, economic, and informational law, as well as be applied by law subjects when elaborating and introducing the respective drafts of laws and be an object of further scientific research on the issue

Algebraic Model for scattering of three-s-cluster systems; 2, Resonances in the three-cluster continuum of 6He and 6Be

The resonance states embedded in the three-cluster continuum of 6He and 6Be are obtained in the Algebraic Version of the Resonating Group Method. The model accounts for a correct treatment of the Pauli principle. It also provides the correct three-cluster continuum boundary conditions by using a Hyperspherical Harmonics basis. The model reproduces the observed resonances well and achieves good agreement with other models. A better understanding for the process of formation and decay of the resonance states in six-nucleon systems is obtained

Reactions of arylenedioxytrihalophosphoranes with acetylenes 14. Methoxyphenylacetylenes in the reaction with 2,2,2-trichlorobenzo-1,3,2-dioxaphosphole

© 2016, Springer Science+Business Media New York.Reactions of 2,2,2-trichlorobenzo-1,3,2-dioxaphosphole with 2-, 3-, 4-methoxyphenyl-, 3,4-dimethoxyphenyl- and 2,3,4-trimethoxyphenylacetylenes furnished 4-phenylbenzo-1,2-oxaphosphinine derivatives. The presence of one, two, or three donor methoxy groups in the aromatic ring of phenylacetylene does not change the general direction of the reaction which is characteristic of arylacetylenes and lead to 4-arylareno-1,2-oxaphosphinine derivatives. The presence of substituents in the exocyclic aryl group at ortho-position to the oxaphosphinine ring led to the appearance of atropoisomers

A netron halo in 8He

The structure of $^8$He is investigated within a three-cluster microscopic model. The three-cluster configuration $\alpha+^2n+^2n$ was used to describe the properties of the ground state of the nucleus. The obtained results evidently indicate the existence of a neutron halo in $^8$He.Comment: 14 pages, 6 postscript figures, submitted to Phys. Atom. Nuc

ОПЫТ УСПЕШНОГО ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ ВАКУУМНОЙ ТЕРАПИИ В ЛЕЧЕНИИ НЕСОСТОЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ КУЛЬТИ ЖЕЛУДКА ПОСЛЕ ЛАПАРОСКОПИЧЕСКОЙ ПРОДОЛЬНОЙ РЕЗЕКЦИИ: КЛИНИЧЕСКОЕ НАБЛЮДЕНИЕ

Gastric leak is the most dangerous postoperative complication of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy. Traditional surgical treatment options and endoscopic stent placement are not always successful. Negative Pressure Wound Therapy (NPWT) has shown itself like a new successful and feasible treatment option for leaks of different etiology after gastro-esophageal surgery.The initial body mass index (BMI) of the patient was 46 and co-morbidity was represented: arterial hypertension, type 2 diabetes and dyslipidemia. NPWT was initiated in 14 days after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy. The abdominal part of the system were changed 3 times for14 days. The patient was discharged from the hospital in 14 days after the secondary sutures to the wound. No relevant complications related to the procedure were observed during the course of the vacuum therapy. It combines defect closure, effective drainage and allows doing a periodic inspection of the wound cavity. NPWT is a successful, safety and effective treatment option for the leaks after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy Несостоятельность культи желудка является наиболее опасным послеоперационным осложнением лапароскопической продольной резекции желудка. Традиционные варианты хирургического лечения и эндоскопическая установка стентов не всегда успешны. Терапия отрицательным давлением (NPWT) показала, что это новый возможный эффективный метод лечения несостоятельности различной этиологии после операций на желудке и пищеводе.Исходный индекс массы тела пациентки составлял 46 кг/м2 , а сопутствующие заболевания были представлены артериальной гипертензией, сахарным диабетом 2-го типа, дислипидемией. Терапия отрицательным давлением была начата через 14 суток после лапароскопической продольной резекции желудка. В течение 14 дней было произведено 3 смены абдоминальной части системы. Через 14 дней после наложения вторичных швов на рану пациентка была выписана из стационара. За время применения вакуум-терапии не наблюдалось никаких осложнений, связанных с соответствующей методикой. Она сочетает в себе закрытие дефектов и эффективное дренирование, а также позволяет проводить периодический осмотр полости раны. NPWT – успешный, безопасный и эффективный способ лечения несостоятельностей после лапароскопической продольной резекции желудка.

Potent New Small-Molecule Inhibitor of Botulinum Neurotoxin Serotype A Endopeptidase Developed by Synthesis-Based Computer-Aided Molecular Design

Botulinum neurotoxin serotype A (BoNTA) causes a life-threatening neuroparalytic disease known as botulism. Current treatment for post exposure of BoNTA uses antibodies that are effective in neutralizing the extracellular toxin to prevent further intoxication but generally cannot rescue already intoxicated neurons. Effective small-molecule inhibitors of BoNTA endopeptidase (BoNTAe) are desirable because such inhibitors potentially can neutralize the intracellular BoNTA and offer complementary treatment for botulism. Previously we reported a serotype-selective, small-molecule BoNTAe inhibitor with a Kiapp value of 3.8±0.8 µM. This inhibitor was developed by lead identification using virtual screening followed by computer-aided optimization of a lead with an IC50 value of 100 µM. However, it was difficult to further improve the lead from micromolar to even high nanomolar potency due to the unusually large enzyme-substrate interface of BoNTAe. The enzyme-substrate interface area of 4,840 Å2 for BoNTAe is about four times larger than the typical protein-protein interface area of 750–1,500 Å2. Inhibitors must carry several functional groups to block the unusually large interface of BoNTAe, and syntheses of such inhibitors are therefore time-consuming and expensive. Herein we report the development of a serotype-selective, small-molecule, and competitive inhibitor of BoNTAe with a Ki value of 760±170 nM using synthesis-based computer-aided molecular design (SBCAMD). This new approach accounts the practicality and efficiency of inhibitor synthesis in addition to binding affinity and selectivity. We also report a three-dimensional model of BoNTAe in complex with the new inhibitor and the dynamics of the complex predicted by multiple molecular dynamics simulations, and discuss further structural optimization to achieve better in vivo efficacy in neutralizing BoNTA than those of our early micromolar leads. This work provides new insight into structural modification of known small-molecule BoNTAe inhibitors. It also demonstrates that SBCAMD is capable of improving potency of an inhibitor lead by nearly one order of magnitude, even for BoNTAe as one of the most challenging protein targets. The results are insightful for developing effective small-molecule inhibitors of protein targets with large active sites