ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЕ УРОВНЯ АНТИТРОМБИНА ПОЗВОЛЯЕТ ПРОГНОЗИРОВАТЬ КЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ ИСХОДЫ СЕПСИСА

Antithrombin is one of the key regulating factors of homeostasis, which activity significantly reduces in SIRS.The objective of the study: to investigate possibility and feasibility to test antithrombin level in blood plasma in order to predict treatment outcomes in patients with sepsis.Subjects. The level of antithrombin was tested in 83 patients by the start and at the peak of the disease. Predictive value was compared for antithrombin tests, some other parameters of coagulogram, and clinical severity scales in sepsis.Results. On the 5th day of the disease, the most significant predictors of the unfavorable outcome of sepsis were identified: fibrinogen level (Odds ratio – 2.42 [0.92–6.33]; p = 0.0722); and antithrombin level (Odds ratio – 26.4 [8.02 86.86]; p < 0.0001).Pair-wise comparison of ROC-curves of fibrinogen and antithrombin at the final point of the study demonstrated differences between areas under curve (AUC), which made 0.337 [95% CI 0.154–0.520] with p = 0.0003, which confirmed the assumption of the high predictive value of antithrombin level. With the cut-off point at ≤ 61% this test demonstrated the sensitivity and specificity of 79% and 88% respectively.Conclusion: In order to predict severity and potential outcome of sepsis, it is recommended to test antithrombin level at the peak of the disease.Антитромбин (АТ) является одним из ключевых факторов-регуляторов гемостаза, активность которого существенно снижается при SIRS.Цель работы: изучить возможность и целесообразность определения уровня AT в плазме крови для прогнозирования результатов лечения септических больных.Методы. У 83 больных сепсисом определяли содержание АТ в начале и на пике заболевания. Проведено сравнение прогностических возможностей определения уровня АТ, некоторых других показателей коагулограммы и клинических шкал оценки тяжести состояния при сепсисе.Результаты. На 5-е сут заболевания выявлены наиболее значимые предикторы неблагоприятного исхода сепсиса: уровень фибриногена (Odds ratio – 2,42 [0,92–6,33]; p = 0,0722); уровень АТ (Odds ratio – 26,4 [8,02 86,86]; p < 0,0001).Попарное сравнение ROC-кривых фибриногена и АТ в конечной точке исследования показало различие между площадями AUC (Area Under Curve), которое составило 0,337 [95%-ный ДИ 0,154–0,520] при p = 0,0003, что подтвердило предположение о высокой значимости теста с АТ. С точкой отсечения ≤ 61% данный тест продемонстрировал соотношение чувствительности и специфичности 79 и 88% соответственно.Вывод. Для прогнозирования тяжести течения и вероятного исхода сепсиса рекомендуется определение уровня АТ в период «разгара» заболевания

КОРРЕКЦИЯ ЦЕРЕБРАЛЬНОЙ ОКСИГЕНАЦИИ С ЦЕЛЬЮ СНИЖЕНИЯ РАЗВИТИЯ ПОСЛЕОПЕРАЦИОННЫХ ОСЛОЖНЕНИЙ У КАРДИОХИРУРГИЧЕСКИХ ПАЦИЕНТОВ ВЫСОКОГО РИСКА

The imbalance between oxygen delivery and consumption in the brain can lead to unfavorable post-operative outcomes of cardiac surgery. The authors evaluated the effect of the protocol on management of cerebral oxygenation episodes during the post-operative period in the patients undergoing cardiac surgery and facing a high risk of complications. Subjects: Patients who underwent coronary bypass surgery and/or cardiac valve surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass, were randomly divided into two groups: the interventional group (n = 60), where a special protocol was used to manage desaturation episodes, and the control group (n = 60) where only blinded monitoring of cerebral oximetry was used. Within 30 days after surgery, the development of desaturation episodes during surgery was assessed as well as the occurrence of complications (myocardial infarction, brain damage of the 1st and 2nd types, infectious complications, prolonged artificial ventilation of the lungs, arrhythmia, repeated thoracotomy, acute renal damage) in both groups. Results. The duration and intensity of desaturation did not significantly differ between the groups. The composite outcome was observed in 41 (68.3%) patients in the intervention group and in 38 (63.3%) of them in the control group (p = 0.70), and no significant difference was found in the frequency of individual components of the composite outcome. It was found out that desaturation significantly affected the development of delirium (odds ratio 1.03, 95% confidence interval 1.01–1.05, p = 0.03, to reduce % of the area under saturation curve for the less than 60% of the absolute value per every 5 minutes). Conclusion. The cerebral oximetry correction protocol provided no effect on prevention of complications in high-risk patients undergoing cardiac surgery. However, the reduction of cerebral oximetry turned out to be significant to predict the development of post-operative delirium, and it noted the need to search for ways to manage oxygen imbalance during surgery.Нарушение баланса между доставкой и потреблением кислорода в головном мозге может привести к неблагоприятным послеоперационным исходам в кардиохирургической практике. Авторы оценили влияние протокола по устранению эпизодов снижения церебральной оксигенации на течение послеоперационного периода у кардиохирургических пациентов с высоким риском развития осложнений. Методы. Пациенты, которым выполняли операции коронарного шунтирования и/или коррекции клапанного аппарата сердца в условиях искусственного кровообращения, рандомизированы на две группы: интервенционную (n = 60), где для коррекции эпизодов десатурации использовали специальный протокол, и контрольную группу (n = 60), где осуществляли только ослепленный мониторинг церебральной оксиметрии. Выполнена оценка развития эпизодов десатурации во время операции и возникновения осложнений (инфаркт миокарда, повреждения головного мозга 1-го и 2-го типов, инфекционные осложнения, продленная искусственная вентиляция легких, аритмия, реторакотомия, острое почечное повреждение) в течение 30 дней после операции в обеих группах. Результаты. Продолжительность и выраженность десатурации достоверно не различались между группами. Композитный исход возник у 41 (68,3%) пациента в интервенционной группе и у 38 (63,3%) – в контрольной (p = 0,70), также не обнаружено достоверных различий в частоте развития отдельных компонентов композитного исхода. Выявлено, что десатурация значительно влияет на развитие делирия (отношение шансов 1,03, 95%-ный доверительный интервал 1,01–1,05, p = 0,03 для снижения на каждые 5 мин∙% площади под кривой сатурации менее абсолютного значения 60%). Заключение. Протокол коррекции церебральной оксиметрии не оказывал влияния на предотвращение развития осложнений у кардиохирургических пациентов высокого риска. Однако снижение церебральной оксиметрии оказалось прогностически значимым в развитии послеоперационного делирия, что указывает на необходимость поиска подходов к устранению нарушения кислородного баланса во время операции

TESTING ANTITHROMBIN LEVEL ALLOWS PREDICTING A CLINICAL OUTCOME OF SEPSIS

Antithrombin is one of the key regulating factors of homeostasis, which activity significantly reduces in SIRS.The objective of the study: to investigate possibility and feasibility to test antithrombin level in blood plasma in order to predict treatment outcomes in patients with sepsis.Subjects. The level of antithrombin was tested in 83 patients by the start and at the peak of the disease. Predictive value was compared for antithrombin tests, some other parameters of coagulogram, and clinical severity scales in sepsis.Results. On the 5th day of the disease, the most significant predictors of the unfavorable outcome of sepsis were identified: fibrinogen level (Odds ratio – 2.42 [0.92–6.33]; p = 0.0722); and antithrombin level (Odds ratio – 26.4 [8.02 86.86]; p < 0.0001).Pair-wise comparison of ROC-curves of fibrinogen and antithrombin at the final point of the study demonstrated differences between areas under curve (AUC), which made 0.337 [95% CI 0.154–0.520] with p = 0.0003, which confirmed the assumption of the high predictive value of antithrombin level. With the cut-off point at ≤ 61% this test demonstrated the sensitivity and specificity of 79% and 88% respectively.Conclusion: In order to predict severity and potential outcome of sepsis, it is recommended to test antithrombin level at the peak of the disease

MANAGEMENT OF CEREBRAL OXYGENATION IN ORDER TO REDUCE THE DEVELOPMENT OF POST-OPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS IN HIGH-RISK PATIENTS UNDERGOING CARDIAC SURGERY

The imbalance between oxygen delivery and consumption in the brain can lead to unfavorable post-operative outcomes of cardiac surgery. The authors evaluated the effect of the protocol on management of cerebral oxygenation episodes during the post-operative period in the patients undergoing cardiac surgery and facing a high risk of complications. Subjects: Patients who underwent coronary bypass surgery and/or cardiac valve surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass, were randomly divided into two groups: the interventional group (n = 60), where a special protocol was used to manage desaturation episodes, and the control group (n = 60) where only blinded monitoring of cerebral oximetry was used. Within 30 days after surgery, the development of desaturation episodes during surgery was assessed as well as the occurrence of complications (myocardial infarction, brain damage of the 1st and 2nd types, infectious complications, prolonged artificial ventilation of the lungs, arrhythmia, repeated thoracotomy, acute renal damage) in both groups. Results. The duration and intensity of desaturation did not significantly differ between the groups. The composite outcome was observed in 41 (68.3%) patients in the intervention group and in 38 (63.3%) of them in the control group (p = 0.70), and no significant difference was found in the frequency of individual components of the composite outcome. It was found out that desaturation significantly affected the development of delirium (odds ratio 1.03, 95% confidence interval 1.01–1.05, p = 0.03, to reduce % of the area under saturation curve for the less than 60% of the absolute value per every 5 minutes). Conclusion. The cerebral oximetry correction protocol provided no effect on prevention of complications in high-risk patients undergoing cardiac surgery. However, the reduction of cerebral oximetry turned out to be significant to predict the development of post-operative delirium, and it noted the need to search for ways to manage oxygen imbalance during surgery