10,220 research outputs found
Kinetic Monte Carlo simulation of faceted islands in heteroepitaxy using multi-state lattice model
A solid-on-solid model is generalized to study the formation of Ge pyramid
islands bounded by (105) facets on Si(100) substrates in two dimensions. Each
atomic column is not only characterized by the local surface height but also by
two deformation state variables dictating the local surface tilt and vertical
extension. These deformations phenomenologically model surface reconstructions
in (105) facets and enable the formation of islands which better resemble
faceted pyramids. We demonstrate the model by application to a kinetic limited
growth regime. We observe significantly reduced growth rates after faceting and
a continuous nucleation of new islands until overcrowding occurs.Comment: 7 pages, 5 figure
Effect of Strong Magnetic Fields on the Equilibrium of a Degenerate Gas of Nucleons and Electrons
We obtain the equations that define the equilibrium of a homogeneous
relativistic gas of neutrons, protons and electrons in a constant magnetic
field as applied to the conditions that probably occur near the center of
neutron stars. We compute the relative densities of the particles at
equilibrium and the Fermi momentum of electrons in the strong magnetic field as
function of the density of neutrons and the magnetic field induction. Novel
features are revealed as to the ratio of the number of protons to the number of
neutrons at equilibrium in the presence of large magnetic fields.Comment: 12 pages, Latex, 3 Figures not include
Magnetotransport in a double quantum wire: Modeling using a scattering formalism built on the Lippmann-Schwinger equation
We model electronic transport through a double quantum wire in an external
homogeneous perpendicular magnetic field using a scattering formalism built on
the Lippmann-Schwinger equation. In the scattering region a window is opened
between the parallel wires allowing for inter- and intra-wire scattering
processes. Due to the parity breaking of the magnetic field the ensuing subband
energy spectrum of the double wire system with its regimes of hole- and
electron-like propagating modes leads to a more structure rich conductance as a
function of the energy of the incoming waves than is seen in a single
parabolically confined quantum wire. The more complex structure of the
evanescent modes of the system also leaves its marks on the conductance.Comment: RevTeX, 8 pages with 10 included postscript figures, high resolution
version available at http://hartree.raunvis.hi.is/~vidar/Rann/DW_VGCST_06.pd
In situ scanning electrochemical probe microscopy for energy applications
High resolution electrochemical imaging methods provide opportunities to study localized phenomena on electrode surfaces. Here, we review recent advances in scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) to study materials involved in (electrocatalytic) energy-related applications. In particular, we discuss SECM as a powerful screening technique and also advances in novel techniques based on micro- and nanopipets, such as the scanning micropipet contact method and scanning electrochemical cell microscopy and their use in energy-related research
Fast label-free multilayered histology-like imaging of human breast cancer by photoacoustic microscopy
The goal of breast-conserving surgery is to completely remove all of the cancer. Currently, no intraoperative tools can microscopically analyze the entire lumpectomy specimen, which results in 20 to 60% of patients undergoing second surgeries to achieve clear margins. To address this critical need, we have laid the foundation for the development of a device that could allow accurate intraoperative margin assessment. We demonstrate that by taking advantage of the intrinsic optical contrast of breast tissue, photoacoustic microscopy (PAM) can achieve multilayered histology-like imaging of the tissue surface. The high correlation of the PAM images to the conventional histologic images allows rapid computations of diagnostic features such as nuclear size and packing density, potentially identifying small clusters of cancer cells. Because PAM does not require tissue processing or staining, it can be performed promptly and intraoperatively, enabling immediate directed re-excision and reducing the number of second surgeries
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