Contradiction and change in state socialism

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Militant atheism as the government policyduring the pre-war period in the Orenburg (Chkalov) region

The article focuses on the anti-religious actions of the Soviet authority, its methods and forms in the Orenburg (Chkalov) region during the last fi ve years before the war. Ithighlights people’s lives reorganization according to the communist model, parish closing in the towns and in the country. It gives the facts about the violent destruction of the Orenburg eparchy church property, believer oppositiontothe Soviet authority in pursuit of their interests, repression againstchurchmen and laypeople that ended with the church organization destruction in the territory of Orenburg regionand the Orenburg eparchy liquidation as a structural unit of the Russian Orthodox Church. The article introducesbelievers’ secretchurch life in the religious persecution conditions.It examines conventuals’ life inclosed monasteries of the Orenburg eparchy in diff erent Orenburgcommunitiesand investigates the activityof the Militant Atheists Union (MAU) in the regional and local levels. The publication describes the activity carried out by the central authorities of the MAU, with the aim to enliven the anti-religious campaigningamong the population before the Second World War beginning. The regional Militant Atheists Union authority tried to cover the whole territory of the region with its local organizations, but this attempt failed fi nally. The authorshows the data of the Militant Atheists Union conferences and gives the examples of the anti-religious propaganda in diff erent work collectives and educational establishments. Finally the publicationhighlightsthe anti-religious agitation in the local and regional newspapers and explores themes of the anti-religious articles published in them over the last fi ve years before the war

Way of automatic control of process of smoking of a musky duck with application of excessive pressure and vapors spicy smoking fragrances

In recent years interest of researchers in smoked products, first of all, as to a source of proteinaceous food has increased. At the same time the problem of development all of new types of original smoked products is very actual. One of the perspective directions in this area is expansion of the range of a product, by change and improvement of their taste, aroma and duration of storage by means of smoking of a product by smoking fragrances. Therefore development of a way providing penetration the smoking of particles in a product, by elimination of the limiting factors on their way is necessary for the solution of the tasks connected with ensuring high efficiency of smoking. Presents way for receiving a smoked musky duck with application of excessive pressure and vapors spicy smoking fragrances completely answers the modern trends of development of the food industry. Dany installation allows to vary the following technological parameters of process when carrying out smoking: temperature, speed and consumption of air-flue mix and vapors spicy smoking fragrances; optical density of smoking mix; relative humidity of smoking mix; temperature of pyrolysis of sawdust in a smoke generator and concentration of smoking mix in a smoking chamber. Smoking fragrances in the form of steam and air-flue mix move directly on a product under the influence of excessive pressure. Therefore there is an improvement of quality and duration of storage of a product due to deeper penetration the smoking of the components cleared of carcinogenic substances deep into of a product at the same time a product keeps juiciness that is very important for flavoring characteristics