A review on food allergy: pathogenesis, diagnosis methods and treatment approaches

An exaggerated immune reaction to a food that takes place in a vulnerable host is referred to as a food allergy. The two main types of food-induced allergy diseases are those caused by Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies and those caused by non-IgE-mediated mechanisms. These reactions are frequently brought on by food allergens such as egg, seafood, fruits, milk, soy, peanut, etc. In India, roughly 26.5% of the population has been impacted by food-induced allergy diseases. Age, sex, heredity, and geographic location of the patient, as well as vitamin D deficiency and other allergic reactions, are risk factors that might result in life-threatening food allergies. Skin prick test, oral food challenge, component resolved diagnostic testing are the most widely used diagnostic tests for food allergy. Pharmacotherapy of food induced allergic reactions include epinephrine therapy and use of antihistamine drugs. However, the main stay of treatment is avoidance of responsible food and food desensitization. Some home remedies can also be used in order to control allergic reactions caused by food allergens. All these remedies directly or indirectly improve the health of immune system to prevent food induced allergic reactions. The objective of this study was to throw a light on the pathogenesis, diagnostic methods and possible treatment options for food allergy

A Study on Gender Preferences and its Sociocultural aspects among Married Women (18-45 Years) in Rural Gurugram

INTRODUCTION: Declining sex ratio is a major concern worldwide, especially in a developing country like India. The role of sociocultural factors in gender preference is known since ages. The skewed sex ratio in India is attributed to selective female feticides and misuse of technological advancements. This also has a strong influence on contraceptive acceptance among couples. OBJECTIVES: The present study was conducted to explore the contraceptive use, gender preferences and its determinants among married women in rural Gurgaon. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted among married women (18-45years) residing in the rural field practice area of SGT medical college and hospital, Gurugram. The sample size was found to be 400. Systematic random sampling technique was used to recruit the study participants.  Pre- tested, pre-designed questionnaire was used for data collection. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Among 400 married women, current contraceptive usage among study population was found to be 58.25%. The most common method of contraception used by the study subjects was intrauterine contraceptive device. The preference for male child was found among 49.5% women. The reasons cited for such preference were propagation of family name (48.2%), financial dependability in the old age (34%), social responsibilities are carried out by males (25.3%) and males are lesser economic liability (31%). Lower age group of mother, nulliparity, Hindu religion, lower educational status and lower socioeconomic status were found to be the determinants of male child preference in the present study. CONCLUSION: There is need of awareness and education amongst women and both the genders deserve equal respect without any preferences

E. coli Group 1 Capsular Polysaccharide Exportation Nanomachinary as a Plausible Antivirulence Targetin the Perspective of Emerging Antimicrobial Resistance

Bacteria evolving resistance against the action of multiple drugs and its ability to disseminate the multidrug resistance trait(s) across various strains of the same bacteria or different bacterial species impose serious threat to public health. Evolution of such multidrug resistance is due to the fact that, most of the antibiotics target bacterial survival mechanisms which exert selective pressure on the bacteria and aids them to escape from the action of antibiotics. Nonetheless, targeting bacterial virulence strategies such as bacterial surface associated polysaccharides biosynthesis and their surface accumulation mechanisms may be an attractive strategy, as they impose less selective pressure on the bacteria. Capsular polysaccharide (CPS) or K-antigen that is located on the bacterial surface armors bacteria from host immune response. Thus, unencapsulating bacteria would be a good strategy for drug design, besides CPS itself being a good vaccine target, by interfering with CPS biosynthesis and surface assembly pathway. Gram-negative Escherichia coli uses Wzy-polymerase dependent (Groups 1 and 4) and ATP dependent (Groups 1 and 3) pathways for CPS production. Considering E. coli as a case in point, this review explains the structure and functional roles of proteins involved in Group 1 Wzy dependent CPS biosynthesis, surface expression and anchorage in relevance to drug and vaccine developments

Structure, Optical And Electrical Characterization Of Tin Selenide Thin Films Deposited At Room Temperature Using Thermal Evaporation Method

Tin Selenide (SnSe) is an important IV-VI compound semiconducting material used for various devices like memory switching, an efficient solar cell and holographic recording systems. SnSe thin films of the thickness of 100 nm were deposited by thermal evaporation method on a Glass substrate at room temperature. The prepared samples were investigated for structural, compositional, morphological and optical characte-rization respectively by using X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission measurements. Thus deposited films showed a good polycrystalline quality having preferred (111) orientation with uniformly distributed spherical grains having size 16nm.The grown film identified as P- types by hot probe method. The films were found to have direct band transition having an optical bandgap (Eg) of 1.92 eV at room temperature. The temperature depended electrical resistivity (ρ) determined by using the two probe method, found to be 390 Ω·m at room temperature. When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/952

Disseminated Lymehadenopathic Kaposi's Sarcoma in Zambian Children

Kaposi's Sarcoma with skin involvement is a common tumor in the adult Zambian.Kaposi's Sarcoma with skin involvement is a common tumour in adult Zambian and African population living South of the Sahara (Naik, 1977). However, it is uncommon amongst Zambian children and constitutes only 5% of all Kaposi's in Zambia (Naik, 1977). We wish to present two cases of Kaposi's Sacroma in Zambian childf en in view of unpublished literature containing detailed information, in children, its rarity, diagnostic difficulties and the different natural course of the disease.Two cases of Kaposi's Sacroma with generalized massive lymphadenopathy and visceral involvement without cutaneous lesions have been presented in young Zambian children. The difficulties in diagnosis and clinical course are discussed. We suggest an increasing awareness of this condition for the detection of more cases in Zambia.Office of Global AIDS/US Department of State

Combining spinal neuromodulation and activity based neurorehabilitation therapy improves sensorimotor function in cerebral palsy

Motor dysfunction in individuals with cerebral palsy (CP) such as the inability to initiate voluntary movements, walking with compensatory movement patterns, and debilitating spasticity is due to the aberrant neural connectivity between the brain and spinal cord. We tested the efficacy of noninvasive spinal cord neuromodulation (SCiP™, SpineX Inc.) with activity-based neurorehabilitation therapy (ABNT) in improving the sensorimotor function in six children with CP. Children received 8 weeks of either SCiP™ or sham therapy with ABNT (n = 3 per group). At the end of 8 weeks, all participants received 8 weeks of SCiP™ therapy with ABNT. Follow up assessments were done at week 26 (10 weeks after the last therapy session). Sensorimotor function was measured by the Gross Motor Function Measure 88 (GMFM88) test. We observed minimal change in sham group (mean 6% improvement), however, eight weeks of SCiP™ therapy with ABNT resulted in statistically and clinically relevant improvement in GMFM88 scores (mean 23% increase from baseline). We also observed reduced scores on the modified Ashworth scale only with SCiP™ therapy (−11% vs. +5.53% with sham). Similar improvements were observed in sham group but only after the cross over to SCiP™ therapy group at the end of the first eight weeks. Finally, sixteen weeks of SCiP™ therapy with ABNT resulted in further improvement of GMFM88 score. The improvement in GMFM88 scores were maintained at week 26 (10 weeks after the end of therapy), suggesting a sustained effect of SCiP™ therapy

4,4-Dimethyl-3,4-dihydro­pyrido[2′,3′:3,4]pyrazolo­[1,5-a][1,3,5]triazin-2-amine ethanol monosolvate1

In the title compound, C10H12N6·C2H5OH, the planarity of the heterocyclic system is slightly distorted at the triazine ring (r.m.s. deviation = 0.1191 Å), which adopts a conformation best described as inter­mediate between a flattened twisted boat and a half-boat with the tertiary Csp 3 atom at the bow. In the crystal, mol­ecules form centrosymmetric dimers connected by N⋯H—O and O⋯H—N hydrogen bonds between the amino group H atom, the ethanol solvent mol­ecule and the triazine N atom, making an R 4 4(12) graph-set motif. The other H atom of the amino group and the H atom on the endocyclic N atom form N⋯H—N hydrogen bonds with the N atoms of the pyrazole and pyridine rings, respectively, linking the mol­ecules into C(7)C(7) chains with the R 2 2(8) binary graph-set motif running along [010]