Specialized food products for the nutrition of athletes based on whey proteins

It is known that a balanced diet and the intake of specialized foods that combine various types of proteins play a key role in expanding the adaptive potential of athletes and affect the effectiveness of the training process. In recent decades, various biomedical and technological strategies have been implemented in the development of specialized food products, including those for the nutrition of athletes. Proteins of milk and whey occupy an important place among the functional ingredients. Despite the fact that the average per capita consumption of protein in the structure of the diet in the Russian Federation over the past few years has been at a satisfactory level (in 2019 — 80.4 g/day, in 2020 — 81.4 g/day), for athletes with high body weight and extremely high energy consumption (4000 kcal/day and above), these values will be insufficient. In connection with this, special attention should be paid to various protein fractions in the development of SPP at a consumption level of at least 1.2 g/kg of the athlete’s body weight daily to ensure plastic and other functions in the body, physical performance and endurance

Problems of Development and Application of Metal Matrix Composite Powders for Additive Technologies

The paper considers the problem of structure formation in composites with carbide phase and a metal binder under self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) of powder mixtures. The relation between metal binder content and their structure and wear resistance of coatings was studied. It has been shown that dispersion of the carbide phase and volume content of metal binder in the composite powders structure could be regulated purposefully for all of studied composites. It was found that the structure of surfaced coating was fully inherited of composite powders. Modification or coarsening of the structure at the expense of recrystallization or coagulation carbide phase during deposition and sputtering does not occur

The Tunka Experiment: Towards a 1-km^2 Cherenkov EAS Array in the Tunka Valley

The project of an EAS Cherenkov array in the Tunka valley/Siberia with an area of about 1 km^2 is presented. The new array will have a ten times bigger area than the existing Tunka-25 array and will permit a detailed study of the cosmic ray energy spectrum and the mass composition in the energy range from 10^15 to 10^18 eV.Comment: 3 pages, 2 figures, to be published in IJMP

Search and identification of thyroid hormones receptors in ocular tissues

Aim. To discover and identify thyroid receptors in ocular tissues by means of immunohistochemistry (IHC).Materials and methods.The objects of morphological studies were eyes enucleated for terminal painful glaucoma (n = 30). Thyroid receptors searching was performed in the retina and optic nerve, choroidal and optic nerve vessels. IHC reaction was considered as follows: negative — specific cellular staining is absent or less than 10 % cells are stained; mild positive — 10‑30 % cells are stained (+); moderate positive — 30‑75 % cells are stained (++); highly positive — more than 75 % are stained (+++). Results: Intensive (4+) IHC staining was revealed in the nuclei of inner and outer nuclear and ganglion cell layers. Mild positive (+) staining was detected in the inner segments of photoreceptors. Granular (3+) IHC staining was revealed in the nuclei of optic nerve glia. In choroidea, endotheliocytes nuclei and 20 % stromal cells nuclei were stained. IHCreaction was detected in the cytoplasm of retinal pigment epithelium.Conclusion. The data obtained account for the mechanism of neurohumoral associations at the cellular level. According to these data, eye can be considered as a target for thyroid hormones. The causes of morphological and functional abnormalities of visual analyzer peripheral part in thyroid gland disorders are revealed as well

Joint effect of the mycotoxins T-2 toxin, deoxynivalenol and zearalenone on the weaner pigs against a background of the infection load

Currently, among more than 100 000 known species of fungi about 250 species produce mycotoxins, secondary metabolites which are dangerous to human and animal health. Most of these toxins are highly resistant to physical and chemical factors, and are not destroyed even after prolonged heating of feed contaminated with mycotoxins. The aim of the present study was to investigate the joint effects of T-2 toxin, zearalenone, deoxynivalenol and infectious agents on pigs. The study was conducted inthe Federal Center for Toxicological, Radiation and BiologicalSafety. Studies have shown that the jointdietary intake T-2 toxin at a dose of 70 mg/kg, zearalenoneat a dose of 50 mg/kg and deoxynivalenolat a dose of 1000 mg/kg for 30 days against a background of the simulated Clostridium infection load causes symptomatic mycotoxicosis which is accompanied by activation of lipoperoxidation, decrease in hematological, biochemical and immunological parameters: a reduction in the number of T and B lymphocytes, titers of specific protective antibodies and the development of pathological processes in the tissues and organs of weaner pigs, slow weight gain, increase in feed conversion ratio and the development of infectious disease, confirmed with laboratory tests. The result was different in the group of animals with the same infection load but without introducing mycotoxins into the animal diet. The findings provide strong evidence that chronic intake of fuzariotoxins even at the level of permissible concentrations against a background of infection load predisposes to infectious diseases

Armenia and Belarus: caught between the EU's and Russia's conditionalities?

This article looks into Armenia's and Belarus’ engagement with the European Union's (EU) and Russia's conditionalities, the two EU Eastern Partnership (EaP) countries that are also members of the Russia-led Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU). While paying attention to political, economic (including energy and technical) as well as security dimensions of the EU's and Russia's approaches, as proposed in the present special section, the article demonstrates that the conditionalities extended by the EU and Russia to the two countries in question have differed. In their turn, Armenia and Belarus have reacted differently to Russia's and the EU's conditionalities. Against the backdrop of the changing significance ascribed to both the EU's and Russia's policies towards their common neighbourhood since the 1990s, the present contribution identifies and analyses factors that account for the diverging positions of Armenia and Belarus, including the type of regime, the geopolitical considerations, the stakes in the economic and energy spheres and the predisposition to integration. The article shows that in the resulting complex context, Armenia and Belarus have been able to influence the shape and content of the EU's and Russia's conditionalities, although in a different way and to a different extent.Ministry of Education and Science (UID/CPO/ 00758/2013