Leveraging VBA in translation

The article is focused on finding ways for the VBA application in translation. Most of the macro code solutions available online date back to the early 2000s. Given the fact, the researchers decided to look into the usefulness of the instrument in today's environment, which has changed significantly over the two decade

Galkhaita

Los análisis de Gal-Khaya y Khaidarkan dieron, respectivamente, Hg 47,60, 49,02; Cu 3,49, 2,85; Zn 3,00, 0,60; Fe 0,31, nada ; Tl 0,46, 2,90; As 23,60, 19,49; Sb 0,59, 5,51; S 21,00, 19,31; Se 3 ppm, 150 ppm; total 100,05, 99,695 %.(...

Molecular packing, piezo- and pyroelectric properties of tert-butyl N-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-(S)-prolinamide

The work was financially supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (grant no. 16-33-60122). The equipment of the Ural Centre for Shared Use “Modern Nanotechnologies” UrFU and Centre for Joint Use “Spectroscopy and Analysis of Organic Compounds” was used

ЭКСТРАГИРОВАНИЕ И ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЕ ФЕНОЛА В ПОЧВЕ МЕТОДОМ ГАЗОВОЙ ХРОМАТОГРАФИИ

Existing techniques for the phenol extraction from the soil differ in the nature of the extractant mixture and in the mode of carrying out this procedure. The recommendations on the conditions for the phenol extraction are contradictory. The known techniques imply the extraction of the phenol with organic solvents, aqueous/organic, or aqueous solutions. The use of microwave or ultrasonic fields are recommended to ensure the complete extraction. However, the possibility of attaining maximum extraction of phenol without the destruction of the organic matrix of the soil has not been discussed. We have demonstrated that during phenol extraction with acidic or alkaline aqueous solutions the humic substances of the soil are destroyed. Humic substances destruction produces phenol, and thus distorts the results of the quantitative chemical analysis. The use of water/ethanol mixtures for the phenol extraction from the soil were proposed. These mixtures do not exert a harsh effect on the organic matter of the soil, while moisturizing the soil and dissolving the phenol well. The optimum conditions for the phenol extraction from the soil were established. They occurred during the extraction with a water/ethanol mixture (с(C2H5OH) = 50 % vol.) under the mechanical stirring for two hours. To increase the selectivity and sensitivity of the determination of phenol in the extract, the preliminary bromination to obtain Phenol bromoderivative (2,4,6-tribromophenol) was used with the subsequent gas chromatographic analysis with a halogen-selective electron-capture detector. A procedure was developed for the phenol determination in the soil of 0.01 to 10 mg/kg, the relative error of measurement in this range did not exceed 35%.Keywords: phenol, soil, extraction, chemical modification, gas chromatography(Russian) DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/analitika.2018.22.1.006 I.V. Gruzdev1, O.M. Zueva1, E.S. Titova1, V.V. Staliugin2, B.M. Kondratenok1 1Institute of Biology of Komi Scientific Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IB Komi SC UB RAS), Kommunisticheskaya st., 28, Syktyvkar, 167982, Russian Federation2Syktyvkar State University named after Pitirim Sorokin, Petrozavodskaia st., 12, Syktyvkar, 167005, Russian FederationСуществующие подходы к экстрагированию фенола из почвы различаются природой экстрагирующей смеси и режимом проведения этой процедуры. Рекомендации по условиям экстракции фенола противоречивы, не обсуждается и возможность разрушения органического вещества почвы в процессе извлечения аналита. Показано, что при экстрагировании фенола кислыми или щелочными водными растворами, гумусовые вещества почвы деструктируют и продуцируют фенол, что приводит к существенному завышению результатов количественного химического анализа. Для экстрагирования фенола из почвы предложены водно-этанольные смеси, не оказывающие жесткого воздействия на органическое вещество почвы при сохранении хорошей смачиваемости образца и высокой растворимости фенола в экстрагенте. Установлены условия, при которых для разных типов почв достигается максимальное извлечение фенола без разрушения почвенной матрицы – экстрагирование водно-этанольной смесью (c(C2H5OH) = 50 % об.) в режиме механического перемешивания в течение двух часов. Для повышения селективности и чувствительности определения фенола в экстракте проводится получение его бромпроизводного (2,4,6-трибромфенол) и последующий газохроматографический анализ с галогенселективным детектором электронного захвата. Диапазон измерений массовой доли фенола в почве от 0.01 до 10 мг/кг, относительная погрешность измерения в этом диапазоне не превышает 35 %.Ключевые слова: фенол, почва, экстракция, химическая модификация, газовая хроматографияDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/analitika.2018.22.1.00

Automated morphometric studies of collagen fibers as an auxiliary method for diagnosing cold injury

Background. Cold injury is one of the most significant problems for the northern regions of the Russian Federation. Frostbite is defined as a complex of changes caused by the action of low temperatures, which lead to morphological changes in damaged tissue structures. As a result, the skin with underlying tissues and the intercellular matrix, the components of which are collagen fibers, are damaged, which eventually leads to remodeling and a protracted course of the wound process. Morphometric studies in combination with quantitative analysis of microphotographs (histological specimens) using GIS technologies make it possible to distinguish altered collagen fibers under the influence of low temperatures from relatively healthy tissues. The aim of the study. To assess the possibility of using computer analysis of microphotographs in  a  complex of morphometric studies of collagen fibers in local cold injury. Materials and methods. The study included 84 patients with III and IV degree frostbite of the lower extremities. Morphological study of tissues and microphotography were performed using Leica DM2500 microscope (Leica, Germany). The thickness of  collagen fibers was measured based on  visual measurements of characteristic areas of the microphotograph. Computer analysis of tissue microphotographs of  the  zone of cryoinjury was performed using the ArcINFO software (Esri, USA). Statistical processing of the study results was carried out using the SPSS Statistics software package (IBM Corp., USA). Graphs and diagrams were constructed using MS Office Excel (Microsoft Corp., USA). Results. With frostbite, severe tissue damage occurs, accompanied by the destructive processes of the extracellular matrix components. Low temperatures contribute to  changes in the width and orientation of collagen fibers in the damaged area. In  this  regard, a change in the texture of the histological specimen image leads to achange in the numerical characteristics of the standard deviation of the curvature coefficient in the studied area of the microphotograph. Thus, in the late reactive period, the described complex of morphometric studies makes it possible to classify particular microphotograph as having pathological signs or as a sample of healthy tissue

Исследование антиоксидантного эффекта митохондриально-направленного антиоксиданта SkQ1 на модели изолированного сердца крысы

Mitochondrially targeted antioxidants based on Skulachev ions (SkQ1) are extremely attractive for neutralizing reactive oxygen species directly in the mitochondrial matrix.The aim was to examine the antioxidant and cardioprotective status of the SkQ1 mitochondrially targeted antioxidant in an isolated rat heart model of ischemia and reperfusion after cold cardioplegia.Material and methods. The effects of different concentrations of SkQ1 (1200 ng/ml, 120 ng/ml, 12 ng/ml) were explored on isolated hearts of Wistar rats (n=50) during 240-min cold cardioplegia. The levels of oxidative stress, changes in myocardial damage markers (classical and highly specific) and cardiac function (coronary flow velocity, heart rate, systolic pressure) were assessed.Results. The use of SkQ1 at 12 ng/ml resulted in a significant neutralization of oxidative stress manifestations (P<0.05). The minimum concentration of NO metabolites (nitrates and nitrites) (36.2 [30.8; 39.8] µmol/ml) was maintained at pre-ischemic level throughout the 30-minute reperfusion period, while the malonic dialdehyde concentration (49.5 [41.1; 58.9] µmol/g) was lower compared with SkQ1 use at 120 ng/ml dose. Due to the «mitigation» of oxidative stress, intracellular enzymes and highly specific markers of myocardial damage rose more slowly during reperfusion, while cardiac function recovery occurred at a higher rate and showed stability upon restoration of perfusion.Conclusion. SkQ1 at 12 ng/ml concentration showed strong antioxidant and cardioprotective properties in an ex vivo study.Митохондриально-направленные антиоксиданты на основе ионов Скулачёва (SkQ1) крайне привлекательны для нейтрализации активных форм кислорода непосредственно в матриксе митохондрий.Цель — изучить антиоксидантный и кардиопротективный эффект митохондриально-направленного антиоксиданта — SkQ1 на модели ишемии и реперфузии изолированного сердца крысы в условиях холодовой кардиоплегии.Материалы и методы. Исследование эффектов SkQ1 (1200 нг/мл, 120 нг/мл, 12 нг/мл) провели на изолированных сердцах крыс линии Wistar (n=50) в условиях 240-минутной холодовой кардиоплегии. Оценили уровень окислительного стресса, динамику маркеров повреждения миокарда (классические и высокоспецифичные) и функцию сердечной мышцы (скорость коронарного протока, частоту сердечных сокращений, систолическое давление).Результаты. Использование SkQ1 в концентрации 12 нг/мл привело к статистически значимой нейтрализации проявлений окислительного стресса (р<0,05): минимальное содержание NO-метаболитов — нитратов и нитритов (36,2 [30,8; 39,8] мкмоль/мл) поддерживалось на доишемическом уровне всю 30-минутную реперфузию, а концентрация малонового диальдегида (49,5 [41,1; 58,9] мкмоль/г) была ниже в сравнении с применением SkQ1 в концентрации 120 нг/мл. Вследствие «смягчения» окислительного стресса внутриклеточные ферменты и высокоспецифичные маркеры повреждения миокарда при реперфузии нарастали медленно, а восстановление сердечной функции произошло более высокими темпами и показало свою стабильность при возобновлении перфузии.Заключение. SkQ1 в концентрации 12 нг/мл проявил выраженные антиоксидантные и кардиопротективные свойства в исследовании ex vivo

High-precision calculations of In I and Sn II atomic properties

We use all-order relativistic many-body perturbation theory to study 5s^2 nl configurations of In I and Sn II. Energies, E1-amplitudes, and hyperfine constants are calculated using all-order method, which accounts for single and double excitations of the Dirac-Fock wave functions.Comment: 10 pages, accepted to PRA; v2: Introduction changed, references adde

Piezoelectric properties of the crystals of ortho-carboranyl (S)-phenylalanine and (S)-valine derivatives

Piezoelectric response of the crystals of carborane-containing pseudo-dipeptides was measured using the piezoresponse force microscopy. Observable piezocoefficients of the crystals reached 76.2 pC/N. Structure and stereo configuration of compounds affected the piezoelectric response of the crystals.The equipment of Ural Center for Shared Use "Modern Nanotechnology" UrFU has been used. The work was financially supported by Russian Foundation for Basic Research (grant no. 16-33-60122)

Analytical hierarchy process as a tool supporting a decision-making for assessment of the risk of transboundary infectious animal disease introduction to the Russian Federation and previously disease-free territories

The livestock industry is increasingly taking its place in the economy of the Russian Federation. Its export potential is actively growing. Already, up to 10% of agricultural products are exported to foreign markets. The demand for food steadily increases during crises, which in turn increases the role of the veterinary service, whose tasks include protecting the country’s territory from the introduction of infectious diseases of animals from foreign countries; implementation of measures to prevent and eliminate infectious and other diseases in agricultural, domestic, zoo and other animals, fur-bearing animals, birds, fish and bees, as well as the implementation of plans of the regional veterinary service in the field of animal husbandry. The article assesses the validity of the possibilities and use of modern methods of analyzing and predicting the spread of animal morbidity, identifying cause-and-effect relationships and the extent of the spread of particularly dangerous animal diseases. The authors propose to consider the possibility of using the mathematical method of hierarchy analysis as a scientifically sound decisionmaking support tool when assessing the risk of introducing trans-border infectious animal diseases into previously prosperous territories of the Russian Federation. This approach can be used in the process of choosing the most appropriate alternative from several risk assessment options. The Hierarchy Analysis Method (MAI) is a mathematical tool for a qualitative systematic approach to solving decision-making problems. This method was developed by the American scientist Thomas Lewis Saati in 1970, since then it has been actively developing and widely used in practice. The hierarchy analysis method can be used not only to compare objects, but also to solve more complex management and forecasting tasks

НОВЫЕ ВОЗМОЖНОСТИ РАЗДЕЛЬНОЙ ИНТУБАЦИИ ПРИ ТОРАКАЛЬНЫХ ОПЕРАЦИЯХ У ПАЦИЕНТОВ С ИЗМЕНЕННОЙ ТРАХЕОБРОНХИАЛЬНОЙ АНАТОМИЕЙ

The current development of oncological surgery requires maximum possible radical interventions both for the patients with concurrent conditions and those with large tumors. In thoracic surgery, provision of the adequate surgical access by the anesthesiologist is crucial, and first of all, it requires the full collapse of the operated lung for the whole time of surgery. A chest tumor often results in the changes of the trachea and main bronchi anatomy, compression of their lumen, which can make lung separation difficult. Introduction of double lumen tube with an integrated video camera into clinical practice is aimed to provide easy and reliable separation and isolation of the lungs in case of pathological changes in the trachea and main bronchi without control bronchoscopy. The article analyses 17 cases when double lumen tubes with video monitoring were used for oncological thoracic surgeries, assesses the results and opportunities for their use in the patients with the changed anatomy of the tracheobronchial tree. Video monitoring provides safe and fast intubation of the left main bronchus reaching the required depth, reduces the time of preparation for surgery and its duration providing good working conditions for surgeons. Развитие онкохирургии в современных условиях требует выполнения оперативного вмешательства с максимально возможным радикализмом как у пациентов с выраженной сопутствующей патологией, так и с опухолями больших размеров. В торакальной хирургии многое зависит от обеспечения анестезиологом адекватных условий для хирургического доступа, прежде всего коллапса оперируемого легкого на весь требуемый период вмешательства. Опухоль, растущая в грудной клетке, часто приводит к изменению анатомии трахеи и главных бронхов, сдавлению их просвета, что может осложнить разделение легких. Внедрение в клиническую практику двухпросветных интубационных трубок с интегрированной видеокамерой призвано легко и надежно обеспечить разделение и изоляцию легких при патологических изменениях в трахее и главных бронхах без использования контрольной бронхоскопии. В статье анализируются 17 случаев использования двухпросветных интубационных трубок с видеоконтролем при онкологических операциях на органах грудной клетки, оцениваются результаты и возможности их применения у пациентов с измененной анатомией трахеобронхиального дерева. Наличие видеоконтроля позволяет безопасно и быстро установить интубационную трубку в левый главный бронх на необходимую глубину, сокращает время подготовки к операции и ее продолжительность за счет создания хороших условий для хирургов.