Current and noise expressions for radio-frequency single-electron transistors

We derive self-consistent expressions of current and noise for single-electron transistors driven by time-dependent perturbations. We take into account effects of the electrical environment, higher-order co-tunneling, and time-dependent perturbations under the two-charged state approximation using the Schwinger-Kedysh approach combined with the generating functional technique. For a given generating functional, we derive exact expressions for tunneling currents and noises and present the forms in terms of transport coefficients. It is also shown that in the adiabatic limit our results encompass previous formulas. In order to reveal effects missing in static cases, we apply the derived results to simulate realized radio-frequency single-electron transistor. It is found that photon-assisted tunneling affects largely the performance of the single-electron transistor by enhancing both responses to gate charges and current noises. On various tunneling resistances and frequencies of microwaves, the dependence of the charge sensitivity is also discussed.Comment: 18 pages, 9 figure

Faraday Rotation as a diagnostic of Galactic foreground contamination of CMB maps

The contribution from the residuals of the foreground can have a significant impact on the temperature maps of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB). Mostly, the focus has been on the galactic plane, when foreground cleaning has taken place. However, in this paper, we will investigate the possible foreground contamination, from sources outside the galactic plane in the CMB maps. We will analyze the correlation between the Faraday rotation map and the CMB temperature map. The Faraday rotation map is dependent on the galactic magnetic field, as well as the thermal electron density, and both may contribute to the CMB temperature. We find that the standard deviation for the mean cross correlation deviate from that of simulations at the 99.9% level. Additionally, a comparison between the CMB temperature extrema and the extremum points of the Faraday rotation is also performed, showing a general overlap between the two. Also we find that the CMB Cold Spot is located at an area of strong negative cross correlation, meaning that it may be explained by a galactic origin. Further, we investigate nearby supernova remnants in the galaxy, traced by the galactic radio loops. These super nova remnants are located at high and low galactic latitude, and thus well outside the galactic plane. We find some correlation between the Faraday Rotation and the CMB temperature, at select radio loops. This indicate, that the galactic foregrounds may affect the CMB, at high galactic latitudesComment: 13 pages, 22 figures, 6 table

Роль и значение мультипараметрической магнитно-резонансной томографии в диагностике рака предстательной железы

The problem of timely diagnosis and malignancy grade evaluation of prostate cancer is especially urgent considering continuous and progredient increase in morbidity and mortality caused by this nosology, as well as difficulty of diagnostics. The conducted literature review shows that currently magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the leading method for diagnostics and grading of primary prostate cancer, as well as evaluation of local metastases, diagnostics of distant metastases, and identification of recurrences in the prostatic fossa after radical prostatectomy. Sensitivity and specificity of MRI are higher than in any of the other safe methods of diagnostic radiology. Active and wide-scale introduction of MRI into routine urological practice provided an impetus for development of complementary modalities and methods including fusion biopsy, targeted prostate biopsy under control of MRI, active observation, focal therapy, and other methods, significance and effectiveness of which will be determined in the future. Проблема своевременной диагностики и оценки степени злокачественности рака предстательной железы на сегодняшний день имеет особую актуальность вследствие неуклонного и прогредиентного роста заболеваемости и смертности от данной нозологии, а также в связи с трудностями диагностики. Проведенный анализ литературы показывает, что в настоящее время магнитно-резонансная томография (МРТ) занимает лидирующие позиции как в диагностике первичного рака предстательной железы, так и в стадировании заболевания, оценке местной распространенности, диагностике отдаленных метастазов, а также в выявлении рецидивов в ложе удаленной предстательной железы после радикальной простатэктомии. По своей чувствительности и специфичности магнитно-резонансное исследование превосходит все другие безопасные методы лучевой диагностики. Активное и массовое внедрение МРТ в рутинную урологическую практику дало импульс для развития смежных модальностей и методик, таких как fusion-биопсия, прицельная биопсия предстательной железы под контролем МРТ, активное наблюдение, фокальная терапия и другие методы, роль и эффективность которых еще только предстоит определить.

Erratum: The solar orbiter radio and plasma waves (RPW) instrument (Astronomy and Astrophysics (2020) 642 (A12) DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/201936214)

The erratum concerns Fig. 9 entitled "Antenna radio-electrical properties" for which some of the parameters are not correct. The new figure with new parameters is provided in Fig. 1 of this corrigendum. Fig. 1. Corrected Antenna radio-electrical properties. (Figure Presented)

Status And Prospects of the BaBar SVT

The BABAR Silicon Vertex Tracker (SVT) has been efficiently operated for five years since the start of data taking in 1999. It has met design requirements and no degradation in its performance has been observed thus far. However, because of higher than expected background levels, and anticipated further increases in luminosity and dose rates, we have done a thorough study to assess the viability of operating the SVT until the end of the decade

Population genomics of post-glacial western Eurasia.

Western Eurasia witnessed several large-scale human migrations during the Holocene <sup>1-5</sup> . Here, to investigate the cross-continental effects of these migrations, we shotgun-sequenced 317 genomes-mainly from the Mesolithic and Neolithic periods-from across northern and western Eurasia. These were imputed alongside published data to obtain diploid genotypes from more than 1,600 ancient humans. Our analyses revealed a 'great divide' genomic boundary extending from the Black Sea to the Baltic. Mesolithic hunter-gatherers were highly genetically differentiated east and west of this zone, and the effect of the neolithization was equally disparate. Large-scale ancestry shifts occurred in the west as farming was introduced, including near-total replacement of hunter-gatherers in many areas, whereas no substantial ancestry shifts happened east of the zone during the same period. Similarly, relatedness decreased in the west from the Neolithic transition onwards, whereas, east of the Urals, relatedness remained high until around 4,000 BP, consistent with the persistence of localized groups of hunter-gatherers. The boundary dissolved when Yamnaya-related ancestry spread across western Eurasia around 5,000 BP, resulting in a second major turnover that reached most parts of Europe within a 1,000-year span. The genetic origin and fate of the Yamnaya have remained elusive, but we show that hunter-gatherers from the Middle Don region contributed ancestry to them. Yamnaya groups later admixed with individuals associated with the Globular Amphora culture before expanding into Europe. Similar turnovers occurred in western Siberia, where we report new genomic data from a 'Neolithic steppe' cline spanning the Siberian forest steppe to Lake Baikal. These prehistoric migrations had profound and lasting effects on the genetic diversity of Eurasian populations