Chemical risk factors responsible for the formation of wedge-shaped lesions

Introduction: Non-carious tooth substances loss pose a major health problem of a modern man. The literature often collectively describes all non-carious lesions and is therefore difficult to compare results obtained by different authors. Chemical factors are one of the predisposing factors responsible for the formation of wedge-shaped erosions. Aim: Examination of chemical risk factors as one of the predisposing causes responsible for the formation of wedge-shaped lesions. Method: We examined 62 patients with wedge-shaped erosions (mean age 45.52 ± 12.03 years, 58.1% of men) and 60 patients without erosions in the control group (mean age 34.40 ± 9.28 years, 60% men) . The entire examination was completed by using a questionnaire at the Dental Clinic of the University of Pristina - Kosovska Mitrovica. salivary pH was measured by the pH meter. Results: The results show that the wedge-shaped lesions often occur equally in both men and women. Considerably often it might appear in older people but can also occur in teenagers. Patients with wedge-shaped erosion have increased acidity of saliva, a heightened sense of acid in the mouth and consume a lot more carbonated drinks compared to patients without erosions. Conclusion: Wedge-shaped lesions are more common in people older than 40 years. Taking into account the results obtained in this study it can be concluded that the chemical risk factors truly fall within the predisposing factors that may be responsible for the creation of wedge-shaped erosions

Effect of augmented reality simulation on administration of local anaesthesia in paediatric patients

© 2020 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd Background: Augmented reality (AR) is a simulation of a three-dimensional environment created using hardware and software that provides the user with realistic experiences and ability to interact. The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of AR simulator on the perception of learning and acute stress level in students administering local anaesthesia to paediatric patients relative to standard teaching methods. Material and methods: The prospective study included 21 fourth- and fifth-year students enrolled in 5-year dental programme. In addition to conventional training, the students of the study group used the augmented reality simulator in a dental office 2 hours weekly in 2 weeks. The level of salivary cortisol was measured before and after the anaesthetic procedure as one of the indicators of acute stress. Results: A statistically significant shorter time to perform infiltrative anaesthesia technique for the anterior superior alveolar nerve was observed in students using the AR technique (28.91 ± 9.06 seconds in the study group and 39.80 ± 9.29 seconds in the control group). The level of cortisol before and after anaesthesia was statistically significant in all subjects (cortisol concentration was 0.53 μg/dL before anaesthesia and 2.44 μg/dL after the procedure); however, there was no statistically significant difference between the groups. Conclusion: The AR concept may influence better manipulation and control of the syringe in students administering their first anaesthetic injection to paediatric patients, but may not reduce acute stress

Malignant tumors of the major salivary glands among the population of the city of Belgrade

Malignant tumors of the salivary glands are rare malignancies and most of them affect major salivary glands. The aim of this study was to analyze trends in age-standardized incidence rates of major salivary glands tumors among the Belgrade population. Data were obtained from The Serbian Cancer Registry. We analyzed all cases of malignant tumors of major salivary glands registered in Belgrade from January 1st 1999 to December 31st 2010. Joinpoint regression analysis was used to define trends and annual percentage change (APC). A total number of 283 (168 in men and 115 in women) major salivary glands tumors were reported to The Registry during the study period. Age-standardized incidence rate (ASR) for entire period and for both sex was 0.87/100.000 person, 1.13 for men and 0.67 for women. ASR increased with APC of 6.4% in both sexes (p <0.001). Results showed a constant significantly increasing trend of incidence for major salivary glands malignant tumors in the population of the city Belgrade between 1999 and 2010

Effect of irregular interproximal dental restorations on periodontal status

Introduction. Research of effects that irregular interproximal dental restoration have on supporting structures of the teeth and examination of evolution and course of changes in tissue structure is quite a poorly studied topic. Aim of this study is to examine and assess clinical and radiological changes in periodontal tissue caused by irregular interproximal dental restoration in particular group of patients with different age and sex. Methods. Irregularities which were assesed in this study are divided into two groups: a) gap (cracks) occurring between dental restorations and the gingival walls in Class II cavities, b) prominence of dental fillings out of the teeth anatomical sphere, resulting with the positive step in gum third of tooth in Class II cavities. The study was based on whether in the particular forms of irregularities of the dental restorations are differences in the degree of change in the periodontal tissue, depending on the material from which the restoration is made, and the materials used were composite fillings and amalgams. Results of this study show that irregular dental fillings significantly affect the inflammatory response in periodontal tissue. Irregularities in the form of unfilled space cause major changes in periodontal tissue. Composite fillings cause a higher degree of inflammation in relation to amalgam fillings. Conclusion. Improper tooth fillings cause periodontal tissue damages