Relationship between prostate cancer and type 2 diabetes mellitus

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) and prostate cancer are widespread diseases throughout the world. Type II diabetes mellitus is accompanied by a deterioration in glycemic control, hyperinsulinemia, and insulin resistance (IR). The accumulation of glucose and lipids leads to a decrease in the density of insulin receptors and the development of insulin resistance in adipose tissue. This contributes to the development of hyperinsulinemia, which suppresses the breakdown of fat and leads to the progression of obesity. A vicious circle develops: insulin resistance → hyperinsulinemia → obesity → insulin resistance. Insulin influences the progression of the cell cycle, proliferation, and metastatic activity of the tumor.Recent studies have shown a strong direct correlation between fasting insulin levels and cancer mortality in men. This may be especially true in patients over 65, who are, in the first place, more likely to develop prostate cancer than younger patients. It should be noted that it is insulin, and not glucose, that is associated with the claim for the development of cancer. Hyperinsulinemia, which often occurs as a result of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), the standard treatment for prostate cancer, is associated with a high tumor aggressiveness and faster treatment failure — the development of castrate-refractory prostate cancer. It is reasonable to assume that hyperinsulinemia — under whatever circumstances it is caused, whether due to ADT or due to inadequate nutrition and other lifestyle factors — can have the same negative effect on cellular signaling.Metabolic syndrome — essentially chronically elevated insulin levels — is closely associated with recurrence of cancer and worse post-treatment outcomes, which has led researchers to question generally accepted dietary guidelines for cancer patients, especially when they are undergoing treatment or recover from treatment, which may include recommendations to consume anything that will help maintain or restore body weight, regardless of sugar or carbohydrate content or its effect on insulin levels. A large number of patients live with hyperinsulinemia, but normoglycemia. Chronic hyperinsulinemia is the main driver of cardiometabolic disease, even when blood sugar levels are within reference values. The scale of this problem is not recognized by the medical and scientific community

Optical properties of melanin in the skin and skin-like phantoms

ABSTRACT Experimental study and computer modeling were used to investigate the optical properties of melanin in the skin and skinlike phantoms. To investigate light scattering by melanosomes in skin we made skin-like phantoms on the base of gelatin with different content of melanin particles. Spectra of total transmittance and diffuse reflectance of the phantoms were obtained in the wavelength range from 400 to 800 nm. Absorption and reduced scattering coefficients of melanin were calculated. Mie theory was used to estimate the optical properties ofmelanin particles. Wavelength dependence of refractive indices of eumelanin particles (isolated and purified from the ink of the cuttlefish Sepia officinalis) and synthetic melanin particles was estimated

ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ ЭКСТРАКТОВ РАСТЕНИЙ КАК РЕГУЛЯТОРОВ КАЧЕСТВЕННЫХ ПОКАЗАТЕЛЕЙ ПЛОДОВ МОМОРДИКИ (MOMORDICA CHARANTIA L.)

Momordica (Momordica charantia L.) is unconventional crop of the Cucurbitaceae family for the central regions of the Russian. Fruits of this crop have anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effect. The influence of promising growth regulators from plants on the qualitative composition of fruits momordika has been studied. The positive effect of leaf extract yakon as phytoregulator on productivity increasing and fruit quality of momordika is shown.Момордика (Momordica charantia L.) – нетрадиционное для центральных регионов России растение семейства тыквенные. Плоды культуры обладают противовоспалительным, инсулиностимулирующим и иммуномодулирующим эффектом. Изучено влияние перспективных регуляторов роста из растительного сырья на качественный состав плодов момордики. Показано положительное влияние экстракта листьев якона, как фиторегулятора, на увеличение продуктивности и качество плодов момордики

A Case of Medullary Carcinoma of the Jejunum Combined with the Intestinal Lymphangiectasia Accompanied by the Malabsorption Syndrome

Aim: to present a clinical and morphological observation of an extremely rare combination of medullary carcinoma of the jejunum and intestinal lymphangiectasia in a 33-year-old patient with clinical features of malabsorption syndrome over the 10 years.Key points. An autopsy revealed a tumor formation spreading from the wall of the jejunum to the mesentery, with metastases to the mesenteric lymph nodes. The medullary carcinoma with positive expression of СD117, DOG1, EMA, PanCK, PDL-1, vimentin, mosaic non-intense expression of CA19-9, calretinin, CD10, CDX2, CEA, MUC-5AC, SATB2, and negative reaction to ALK, CD3, CD8, CD20, CD30, CD31, CD34, CD45, CD56, chromogranin, CK7, CK20, desmin. The proliferative index was high: Ki-67 > 80 %. Moreover, during the histological examination of the intestinal wall, intestinal lymphangiectasia complicated by the malabsorption syndrome was revealed.Conclusion. The uniqueness of this clinical and morphological case is in the combination of medullary carcinoma of the jejunum metastasized to the mesenteric lymph nodes with the underlying intestinal lymphangiectasia accompanied by the development of malabsorption syndrome

REGULATION OF MICROORGANISMS SENSITIVITY TO ANTAGONISTIC ACTIVE REPRESENTATIVES OF MUTUALISTICALLY MICROFLORA BY THE ANTIMICROBIAL PEPTIDES

Aim. Study of the effect of antimicrobial peptides (AMP) on the sensitivity of the conditional pathogenic of bacteria to the action of antagonistic active of representatives mutualistically microflora. Materials and methods. The study used peptides from platelets of chicken obtained by the method of reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography in stepwise and linear gradients of increasing concentrations of organic solvent. The effect of AMP on the sensitivity of microorganisms to antagonistic active substances of the dominant bacteria of the genus Lactobacillus, and Enterococcus were investigated in a joint incubation. Antagonistic activity of bacteria studied the gup method. Results. Shown an increased expression of antagonistic activity of indigenous microflora in relation to associative microflora after concubinage with a peptide fractions from platelets of chicken. Conclusion. The obtained results allow to assume the existence of new mechanisms of formation of the colonization resistance of the biotope

USE OF PLANT EXTRACTS AS REGULATORS OF QUALITY OF MOMORDIKA FRUIT (MOMORDICA CHARANTIA L.)

Momordica (Momordica charantia L.) is unconventional crop of the Cucurbitaceae family for the central regions of the Russian. Fruits of this crop have anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effect. The influence of promising growth regulators from plants on the qualitative composition of fruits momordika has been studied. The positive effect of leaf extract yakon as phytoregulator on productivity increasing and fruit quality of momordika is shown