Odabir bioloških pokazatelja pri profesionalnoj izloženosti toluenu i ksilenu

Results of a comparative study of occupational exposure to toluene and xylene are presented. The study was carried out in a group of 24 workers from a paint factory and aimed to determine the most appropriate exposure indicators for use in biological monitoring. Measurements included toluene and xylene in blood and their metabolites in urine. Toluene in blood proved to be the best indicator of toluene exposure, and both xylene in blood and its only major metabolite methylhippuric acid in urine to be reliable indicators of xylene exposure, The validity of hippuric acid and o-cresol as toluene exposure indicators has not been confirmed.Proveđeno je komparativno istraživanje profesionalne izloženosti toluenu i ksilenu radi odabira najpogodnijih bioloških pokazatelja u biološkom monitoringu. Određeni su toluen i ksilen u krvi i njihovi metaboliti u urinu 24-ju radnika profesionalno izloženih toluenu i ksilenu. Toluen u krvi pokazao se najboljim pokazateljem izloženosti toluenu, dok su i ksilen u krvi i njegov glavni metabolit metilhipurna kiselina pouzdani pokazatelji izloženosti ksilenu. Vrijednosti hipurne kiseline odnosno o-krezola nisu jednoznačni pokazatelji izloženosti toluenu što je poznato iz ranijih istraživanja a potvrđeno je i našim mjerenjima

BREWERS YEAST IN BROILER FEED MIXTURES AS A SUBSTITUTION FOR FISH MEAL

Istražena je upotreba pivskog kvasca kao bjelančevinastog krmiva u hranidbi muških i ženskih pilića u tovu. Istraživanje je provedeno na 12 tovna hibrida linije Ross 08. Pilići su bili podijeljeni po spolu i po vrsti hrane, odnosno bjelančevinastog dijela hrane, na kontrolne i pokusne skupine. Pokusne skupine su hranjene smjesama koje su kao izvor bjelančevina sadržavale pivski kvasac, a kontrolne skupine hranjene su uobičajenim smjesama koje su sadržavale riblje brašno (ali samo u početnoj smjesi za tov) kao izvor bjelančevine. Tijekom 42 dana pokusa pili_i su hranjeni po volji i držani su u kontroliranim zoohigijenskim uvjetima. Pored razlike u podrijetlu bjelančevina smjese su bile podjednake po sadržaju bjelančevina, energije i ostalih komponenti. Praćeni su prirasti tjelesne mase, utrošak hrane, zdravlje i mortalitet pilića. Rezultati istraživanja su pokazali da nema statistički značajnih razlika (P>0,05) između pokusne i kontrolne skupine istoga spola. Ovakvi rezultati nam govore u prilog zaključku da se bjelančevine životinjskog podrijetla uspješno mogu zamijeniti bjelančevinama pivskog kvasca.The influence of brewers yeast on production results was investigated on 162 Ross 308 broilers Chickens were divided according to sex and according to protein source in feed. Control groups were fed commercial feed mixtures containing fish meal, soybean meal and sunflower meal in starter and soybean meal and sunflower meal in finisher. Experimental groups were fed commercial feed mixtures containing brewers yeast, soybean meal and sunflower meal in starter and finisher as a protein source. Body mass, body mass gain, feed conversion ratio, health status, mortality and carcass characteristics were investigated during 42 days of the experiment. Results showed that there were no significant differences between control and experimental group of the same sex. We concluded that brewers yeast could replace protein of animal origin in feed mixtures for fattening chickens

The relationship between the methods for the determination of erythrocyte protoporphyrins (EP) and zinc protoporphyrins (ZPP)

U svrhu izbora najprikladnije metode za određivanje eritrocitnog protoporfirina (EP), vrlo važnog biokemijskog pokazatelja u ocjeni povećane apsorpcije olova, ispitan je odnos između spektrofluorometrijske metode Chisolm-Brown i spektrofotometrijske metode Cripps-Peters za određivanje EP, kao i odnos između obje metode s direktnim određivanjem cink-protoporfirina (ZPP) na hematofluorometru. S pomoću koeficijenta korelacije utvrđena je značajna povezanost između sve tri ispitane metode. S pomoću pravca regresije utvrđena je veća osjetljivost spektrofluorometrijske metode Chisolm-Brown od spektrofotometrijske metode Cripps-Peters za određivanje EP. Metoda direktnog određivanja ZPP na hematofluorometru je također osjetljivija od spektrofotometrijske metode Cripps-Peters. Dokazano je da je spektrofluorometrijska metoda Chisolm-Brown specifična, točna, osjetljiva i ponovljiva. Pored toga je relativno brza i lako izvediva, ne zahtijeva veliku količinu biološkog uzorka i kompliclrane tehničke uređaje. Zbog tih osobina preporučuje se kao metoda izbora za određivanje EP u odraslih i djece za ispitivanje povećane apsorpcije olova, sideropenične anemije te u nekim genetskim bolestima poremećene sinteze porfirina.In order to find the most convenient method for erythrocyte protoporphyrin (EP) determination, a very important biochemical parameter in the evaluation of increased lead absorption, the relationship between the Chisolm-Brown spectrofluorometric method and the Cripps-Peters spectrophotometric method for EP determination, as well as the relationship between the two methods and direct zinc-protoporphyrin (ZPP) determination by means of a haematofluorometer were examined. A very significant connection between all the three examined methods was established by means of the correlation coefficient. From the regression line the sensitivity of the Chisolm-Brown spectrofluorometric method was found to be higher than of the Cripps-Peters method for EP. The method of direct ZPP determination also proved to be more sensitive than the Cripps-Peters spectrophotometric method. The Chisolm-Brown spectrofluorometric method was shown to be specific, acourate, sensitive and reproducible. In addition, it is relatively quick and easy to apply, does not need a large quantity of biological samples and complicated technical instruments. Because of these characteristics it is recommended as a method of choice for EP determination in adults and children for examination of increased lead absorption, sideropenic anaemia and in some genetic diseases of disturbed porphyrin synthesis

Saturnism and presaturnism in shipbreakers

U povodu teškog otrovanja olovom plinskog rezača u rezalištu starih brodova proučena je kliničko-epidemiološki ekspozicija i ostalih 104-ju rezača, pa je čak u 101 nađen jedan ili oba znaka toksičkog djelovanja olova (inhibicija D-DALK; povećana koncentracija ZPP). Za kvantitativnu ocjenu stupnja apsorpcije olova upotrebljen je odnos tih dvaju pokazatelja toksičkog djelovanja olova, tj, stupanj inhibicije D-DALK i stupanj povećanja koncentracije ZPP. Pokazalo se da je taj odnos pouzdano mjerilo intenziteta odnosno dužine ekspozicije. U toj skupini od 101 radnika otkriveno je 16 slučajeva opasne apsorpcije (D-DALK ≤ 5,0 U/L eritrocita ili/i ZPP ≥ 1,00 mmol/mol hemoglobina) olova zbog koje je u 13 ugroženih bila čak indicirana hospitalizacija i preventivno davanje kelata. U dva hospitalizirana radnika ustanovljena je i umjerena anemija. Ocjena radne sposobnosti izvršena je na temelju spomenutih dvaju parametara (D-DALK i ZPP), a ne na temelju suvišnog određivanja olova u krvi.A case of severe lead poisoning in an oxy-gas burner from a shipbreaking yard prompted this study in which a whole population of lead exposed burners was investigated. One or both signs of toxic lead action (ALAD inhibition; increased concentration of ZPP) were found in 101 out of the total of 104 workers. ALAD/ZPP ratio was used as a measure of the degree of lead absorption indicating both the intensity and duration of toxic lead action. In this group of 101 burners there were 16 burners with dangerous lead overexposure (ALAD < 5.0 U/LE and/or ZPP ≥ 1.00 mmol/mol Hb) 13 of whom had to be hospitalized for deleading therapy with EDTA. Lead in blood determination was not considered necessary for this study since by itself it does not reflect lead action at all, and its sole significance as a sign of immediate presence of lead in the single sample, in whatever concentration it may be, is not believed to be of much value for making decisions about preventive measures

BREWERS YEAST IN BROILER FEED MIXTURES AS A SUBSTITUTION FOR FISH MEAL

Istražena je upotreba pivskog kvasca kao bjelančevinastog krmiva u hranidbi muških i ženskih pilića u tovu. Istraživanje je provedeno na 12 tovna hibrida linije Ross 08. Pilići su bili podijeljeni po spolu i po vrsti hrane, odnosno bjelančevinastog dijela hrane, na kontrolne i pokusne skupine. Pokusne skupine su hranjene smjesama koje su kao izvor bjelančevina sadržavale pivski kvasac, a kontrolne skupine hranjene su uobičajenim smjesama koje su sadržavale riblje brašno (ali samo u početnoj smjesi za tov) kao izvor bjelančevine. Tijekom 42 dana pokusa pili_i su hranjeni po volji i držani su u kontroliranim zoohigijenskim uvjetima. Pored razlike u podrijetlu bjelančevina smjese su bile podjednake po sadržaju bjelančevina, energije i ostalih komponenti. Praćeni su prirasti tjelesne mase, utrošak hrane, zdravlje i mortalitet pilića. Rezultati istraživanja su pokazali da nema statistički značajnih razlika (P>0,05) između pokusne i kontrolne skupine istoga spola. Ovakvi rezultati nam govore u prilog zaključku da se bjelančevine životinjskog podrijetla uspješno mogu zamijeniti bjelančevinama pivskog kvasca.The influence of brewers yeast on production results was investigated on 162 Ross 308 broilers Chickens were divided according to sex and according to protein source in feed. Control groups were fed commercial feed mixtures containing fish meal, soybean meal and sunflower meal in starter and soybean meal and sunflower meal in finisher. Experimental groups were fed commercial feed mixtures containing brewers yeast, soybean meal and sunflower meal in starter and finisher as a protein source. Body mass, body mass gain, feed conversion ratio, health status, mortality and carcass characteristics were investigated during 42 days of the experiment. Results showed that there were no significant differences between control and experimental group of the same sex. We concluded that brewers yeast could replace protein of animal origin in feed mixtures for fattening chickens