29 research outputs found
Transient mass transfer modeling and simulation of polybrominated diphenyl ethers combustion in incinerators
In this paper, modeling and simulation of combustion process for
polybrominated diphenyl ethers in rotary kilns has been investigated.
Proper formula is found for the solid wastes which contain
polybrominated diphenyl ethers and then combustion process is simulated
by considering possible reactions, appropriate dimensions and operating
conditions for rotary kiln and necessary relations for reaction rates.
The software of MATLAB is used for the simulation. The mass variations
for solid waste, outlet gas and its components are calculated during 20
h. The results show that the reaction rate is high for the first 2 h,
thus the value of solid waste and oxygen decrease quickly while value
of produced gases increases. The mass increase of polychlorinated
dibenzo-p-dioxins/furans and polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins/furans
during the whole time of the process is linear with mild slope but for
the other compounds, including steam, carbon dioxide, nitrogen,
nitrogen oxide, sulphur dioxide, hydrogen chloride and hydrogen
bromine, the slope of variations becomes mild after 3 h. The process
becomes steady state almost after 9 h
Column-grid-array (CGA) versus ball-grid-array (BGA): board-level drop test and the expected dynamic stress in the solder material
Evaluation of vernacular architecture of Uzundere District (architectural typology and physical form of building) in relation to ecological sustainable development
How Many Peripheral Solder Joints in a Surface Mounted Design Experience Inelastic Strains?
A hybrid deep learning–based model for automatic car extraction from high-resolution airborne imagery
A comparison of methods for denoising of well test pressure data
Abstract Pressure transient data from downhole gauges are one of the key parameters in characterizing reservoir properties and forecasting future reservoir performance. Reservoir pressure is usually measured under dynamic changes. The collected data usually contain different levels of noise, particularly due to imperfections in measuring instruments and imperfect calibrations. The latter is due to changes between the laboratory environment and reservoir conditions. To have accurate descriptions of reservoir, it is essential to smooth the pressure data. Most related studies have employed the wavelet transform to reduce noise. However, there appears to be little research addressing the use of other smoothing techniques for pressure transient data. This paper, therefore, evaluates and compares the performance of three types of smoothing and noise removal methods, namely wavelet transform as a widely used filtering technique, regression-based smoothers, and autoregressive smoothing methods to reduce artificial noise added to simulated dual-porosity pressure data. Particularly, noise is more pronounced in pressure derivative, and so denoising of pressure derivative requires more effective tools. The effectiveness of the noise removing methods was compared using mean square error. The results show that the regression-based methods lead to the same or even better reduction in the noise level as compared to the wavelet domain filter, while the employed autoregressive method results in a moderate performance. We also test the performance of various combinations of the different smoothing methods to filter the same noisy data. It is shown that the combined locally weighted scatterplot smooth (LOESS) and autoregressive moving average (ARMA) gives the best smoothing performance for pressure derivative data. Application of the combined LOESS–ARMA to real field data shows promising results