The Flow Cytometry Study of Cellular Immunity in Rhesus Monkeys after Experimental Infection with SARS CoV 2 Virus

Cellular immunity plays an important role in the pathogenesis and formation of protective immune defense against the SARS‑CoV‑2 virus.The aim of the work was to study the cellular immunity of rhesus monkeys applying flow cytometry after experimental infection with the SARS‑CoV‑2 virus.Materials and methods. Male rhesus monkeys were intranasally inoculated with the SARS‑CoV‑2 virus, Isolate B strain and hCoV-19/Russia/SP48-1226/2020 strain (abbreviated name U-2), at a dose of 5.0 lg PFU. Using flow cytometry, the levels of 21 populations/subpopulations of mononuclear cells in the peripheral blood of animals were determined before experimental infection with the pathogen and on day 14 after infection. SARS‑CoV‑2 coronavirus RNA was assessed using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Determination of the titer of virus-neutralizing antibodies to the SARS‑CoV‑2 virus in the blood sera of animals was conducted through neutralization test evaluating the ability to suppress negative colonies.Results and discussion. Infection with Isolate B strain culture has led to an increase in the relative content of total T-lymphocytes (p˂0.2), cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (p˂0.1), as well as monocytes expressing the early activation marker CD25 (p˂0.2). The decrease in levels has been observed for total B-lymphocytes (p˂0.2) and T-helper cells (p˂0.1). Infection with the U-2 strain culture revealed an increase in the relative content of monocytes expressing the early activation marker CD25 (p˂0.2). Thus, for the first time in the Russian Federation, flow cytometry was used to study the cellular immunity of rhesus monkeys before and after experimental infection with the SARS‑CoV‑2 virus. The obtained information can be used for studying the pathogenesis of SARS‑CoV‑2 infection, course, and outcome of the disease, and developing strategies for vaccination and treatment

Infection Rate of Fish of the <i>Cypriniidae</i> Family by Helminth Larvae of the <i>Opisthorchiidae</i> Family in the Seym and Psel rivers Basins in Kursk Region

The purpose of the research is to study of the infection rate of freshwater mollusks and carp fish by trematodes transmitted by fish in the Psel and Seym basins in the Kursk region.Materials and methods. Helminthological material was collected from caught mollusks and fish. Mollusks were explored by the methods of life-time diagnostics and compression, and the fish by the method of compressing the spinal muscles and microscopic examination according to the method commonly used in helminthology. It was examined 200 specimens of mollusks and 1030 specimens of 6 fish species from the Cyprinidae family, from underyearling to two years of age. The species composition of trematodes was determined by identification guide.Results and discussion. Totally 4 species of helminths belonging to the Opisthorchidae: Opisthorchis felineus, Pseudamphistomum truncatum, Metorchis bilis and M. xanthosomus were identified. The extensiveness of infection by the larvae of O. felineus varied from 6.0 to 14.3 % in bleak, and 9.1% in red-eye. P. truncatum cysts were found only in bleak (8.0–11.1 %). The larvae M. bilis were found in 4 species of fish with extensiveness of infection from 5.6 to 50.0 %. 5 species of fish were infected by metacercaria M. xanthosomus (11.8–64.7 %). Epidemiological significance for humans have the first three species of the identified trematodes. The rate of fish infection indicates that the main source of opisthorchid eggs entering the examined river basins are wild and domestic birds, as well as semiaquatic mammals

CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL EVIDENCES OF EFFECTIVE MODE OF AEROSOL LAPAROSCOPIC INTRAPERITONEAL CHEMOTHERAPY

OBJECIVE. The authors would like to design an original device for aerosol laparoscopic chemotherapy and propose the most effective and safe mode. MATERIALS AND METHODS. The experimental and clinical studies were carried out and included 6 series. Male rabbits (n=71) were used for experimental part and the method was applied on 4 patients in clinical part. RESULTS. The original device and the effective mode of its application were developed for aerosol laparoscopic chemotherapy. The supposed method of chemotherapy appeared to be more effective than the standard method. There weren’t noted any complications or side effects. The method proved its safety. CONCLUSIONS. The aerosol laparoscopic intraperitoneal chemotherapy using the proposed regime is the effective and safe method of peritoneal carcinomatosis treatment