Polymorphism of the LCT gene regulatory region in Turkicspeaking populations of the Altay-Sayan region (southern Siberia)

Retention of lactase activity in adulthood (lactase persistence) is one of the most important adaptive traits for human populations that consume fresh milk from domestic animals. At a molecular-genetic level, lactase persistence is determined by the presence of specific alleles of polymorphic sites in cis-regulatory elements of the LCT gene located on chromosome 2q21. Ascertainment of the molecular-genetic causes of lactase persistence has made this trait one of the most convenient for studying mechanisms of human population adaptation to environmental conditions. But the populations of many regions remain insufficiently investigated in relation to the genetic variability of the LCT loci. This paper presents the results of polymorphism analysis of loci, including the enhancer element for the LCT gene and its flanking regions, in two Turkic-speaking populations from southern Siberia, Altaian Kazakhs and Khakasses. It was found that the “European” allele LCT-13910T is the most characteristic of the Turkic-speaking populations from Altai-Sayan regions among all the polymorphic variants associated with lactase persistence. The expansion of the “European” allele LCT-13910T to the gene pool of the populations in southern Siberia could be related to migration waves of ancient herders form western Eurasia during the Bronze Age (in III – II millennium BC). A decrease of the LCT-13910T allele frequency and the total frequency of its carriers in the Turkic-speaking populations of southern Siberia in comparison with the majority of European populations and the Kazakhs from southern Central Asia can be attributed to: (1) a significant influence on the Altai- Sayan population’s gene pool by Eastern Eurasian populations, for which the LCT-13910T allele is rare; (2) a lesser adaptive significance of lactase persistence for south Siberian populations, compared to the populations of Europe. Rare and unique SNPs in the locus under consideration that were found in the Altaian Kazakhs (LCT-13895G > C and LCT-13927C > G) and Khakasses (LCT-14011C > T) potentially play a role in regulation of LCT gene expression, because they are located within the enhancer, regulating activity of its promoter

Polymorphism in the TRP8 gene in Kyrgyz population: putative association with highland adaptation

The human TRPM8 gene encodes a receptor mediating cold sensitivity, and this fact points to its putative role in cold adaptation. The structural variability of the TRPM8 gene for five single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) has been studied in Kyrgyz population. The SNPs are located in coding regions of the gene, and three of them are confined to a segment of 20 bp in exon 7. The frequencies of minor SNP alleles are: rs13004520 G/C = 0.06; rs28901637 А/Т = 0.13; rs11562975 G/C = 0.27; rs7593557 G/A = 0.21; rs11563071 С/G = 0.12. The analyzed sample of Kyrgyz population includes 275 individuals living at different altitudes and under drastically different climatic conditions. The frequency of the minor rs11562975 allele in highlanders (living above 2 800 m A. S. L.) is one-third lower than in residents of lower regions (760–2 800 m A. S. L.; p < 0.01). This result presumes a selective role of rs11562975 in cold adaptation. Comparison of haplotype frequencies in Kyrgyz people with Europeans, East Asians, and Africans shows a clear narrowing of genotype variation in Europeans in comparison to all others. Probably, this phenomenon is related to a population size decline (bottleneck effect) during the evolution. We consider the exon– intron structure of the TRPM8 gene. Epigenetic markers in the vicinity of the gene have been analyzed. Two strong binding sites for insulator ctcf proteins are present there. They are likely to be associated with chromatin conformation and alternative splicing regulation. A structure–functional characterization of genes for the TRP protein family is provided

Використання телекомунікаційної мережі для дистанційної освіти державних службовців заочної форми навчання

Лановий, О. Ф. Використання телекомунікаційної мережі для дистанційної освіти державних службовців заочної форми навчання / О. Ф. Лановий, І В. Кобзев, О. І. Петрова // Право і Безпека. - 2009. - № 2. - С. 247-250.У статті розглядаються питання побудови телекомунікаційної мережі для проведення дистанційного навчання державних службовців. Висвітлюються питання заочного навчання і використання нових інформаційних технологій при проведенні навчання. Як базова технологія передбачається використовувати віртуальні приватні мережі. Описані основні параметри і переваги таких мереж. В статье рассмотрены вопросы построения телекомуникационной сети для проведения дистанционного обучения государственных служащих. Рассмотрены вопросы заочного обучения и использования новых информационных технологий при проведении обучения. В качестве базовой технологии предполагается использовать виртуальные частные сети. Описаны основные параметры и преимущества таких сетей. In the article the questions of construction of telecommunication network are considered for the leadthrough of the controlled from distance teaching of civil servants. The questions of the extra-mural teaching and use of new information technologies are considered during the leadthrough of teaching. As base technology it is assumed to utillize virtual private networks. Basic parameters and advantages of such networks are described

Polymorphism of the apolipoprotein E gene in the population of the indigenous inhabitants of the Mountain Shoria and its association with the parameters of carbohydrate metabolism

Objective: we investigated apolipoprotein E gene polymorphism and its influence on a carbohydrate metabolism in native population of Mountain Shoria (West Siberia). Methods: The study included 40 men and 80 women aged 25-64. The apolipoprotein E polymorphism was analyzed by original method using Hixson’s approach. The serum glucose levels were determined by standard enzymatic assays. Results: The frequencies of ε2, ε3, ε4 alleles in men were 6.5 %, 80.4 %, 13.1 % and in women – 7.6 %, 72.6 %, 19.8 % respectively. The frequencies of genotypes ε2/ε4, ε2/ε3, ε3/ε3, ε3/ε4, ε4/ε4 in men and women together were 1.8 %, 12.4 %, 51.8 %, 31.2 % and 2.9 %. Mean fasting serum glucose levels in case of genotypes ε2/ε4, ε2/ε3, ε3/ε3, ε3/ε4 and ε4/ε4 were 4.6±0.3mg/dl, 4.6±0.1mg/dl, 4.0±0.1mg/dl, 4.7±0.1mg/dl, 5.8±0.3mg/dl (рGLM=0,000) in man and 4.7±0.3mg/dl, 4.7±0.1mg/dl, 4.1±0.1mg/dl, 4.9±0.1mg/dl, 5.9±0.2mg/dl in women (рGLM=0,000). After glucose tolerance test mean serum glucose levels in case of genotypes ε2/ε4, ε2/ε3, ε3/ε3, ε3/ε4 and ε4/ε4 were 6.0±0.6mg/dl, 6.1±0.3mg/dl, 5.2±0.2mg/dl, 6.4±0.2mg/dl, 8.4±0.5mg/dl (рGLM=0,000) in man and 6.2±0.6mg/dl, 6.1±0.2mg/dl, 5.5±0.1mg/dl, 6.7±0.1mg/dl, 8.6±0.5mg/dl (рGLM=0,000) in women. Conclusions: The native population of Mountain Shoria is characterized by relatively high frequencies of ε4 alleles. The allele ε4 prevails in women. The genotype ε4/ε4 has been associated with higher serum glucose level