К повышению эффективности государственной поддержки предприятий машиностроения

The article discusses a hot topic concerning the organization and implementation of a proprietary method of the technical service aimed at solving the problems of technological modernization of manufacturing facilities, machines and equipment and more efficient use of financial means allocated by the government of the Russian Federation for these purposes through increasing a level of competitiveness thanks to growing quality and reliability of equipment. Based on the analysis the paper gives an accent on the factors that are capable to provide a rate of return sufficient for additional, along with the state support, investments of innovative development of the enterprise because of technological modernization of production. Such an approach to technological modernization of mechanical engineering plants allows 3–5 times enhancement of their development rates provided that a careful scheduling of activities is based on the organizational and technological design. The researches have allowed us to formulate the proposals for the project implementation on innovative development of mechanical engineering.Статья посвящена актуальной теме организации и внедрению фирменного метода технического сервиса, направленного на решение проблем технологической модернизации производства техники, машин и оборудования, повышение эффективности финансовых средств, направляемых на эти цели правительством Российской Федерации за счет повышения уровня конкурентоспособности, обеспечиваемого ростом качества и надежности техники. На основе анализа выделены факторы способны обеспечить уровень доходности достаточный для дополнительного, наряду с государственной поддержкой, инвестирования инновационного развития предприятия на основе технологической модернизации производства. Такой подход к технологической модернизации предприятий машиностроения позволяет увеличить темпы их развития в 3–5 раз при условии четкого планирования мероприятий на основе организационно-технологического проектирования. Проведенных исследования позволили сформулировать предложения по реализации проекта инновационного развития машиностроени

Explosive device of conduit using Ti Ni alloy

Presently, materials have been developed which are capable at changing temperate to return significant inelastic deformations, exhibit rubber-like elasticity, convert heat into mechanical work, etc. The aggregate of these effects is usually called the shape memory effect.At present a great number of compounds and alloys with a shape memory effect has been known.These are alloys based on titanium nickelide (TiNi), copper-based alloys (Cu-Al, Cu-Sn, Cu-Al-Ni, Cu-Zn-Si, etc.), gold and silver (Ag-Cd, Au-Ag-Cd, Au-Cd-Cu, Au-Zn-Cu, etc.), manganese (Mn-Cr, Fe-Cu, Mn-Cu-Ni, Mn-Cu-Zr, Mn-Ni, etc.), iron (Fe-Mn, Fe-Ni, Fe-Al, etc.), and other compounds.The alloys based on titanium nickelide (nitinol) are the most widely used.Alloys with shape memory effect find various applications in engineering and medicine, namely connecting devices, actuators, transformable design, multipurpose medical implants, etc.There is a task of breaking fuel conduit during separating the spacecraft from the rocket in space technology.The paper examines the procedure for design calculation of the separating device of conduit with the use of Ti-Ni alloy. This device can be used instead of the pyro-knives.The device contains two semi-rings from Ti-Ni alloy. In the place of break on the conduit an annular radius groove is made.At a temperature of martensite passage the semi-rings undergo deformation and in the strained state are set in the device. With heating to the temperature of the austenitic passage of bushing macro-deformation the energy stored by the nitinol bushing is great enough to break the conduit on the neck.The procedures of design calculation and response time of device are given.</p

Challenging Issues for Predicting and Validating Reliability of Sustained Spacecraft Operation

Modern science and technology development has allowed creation of space technology with long (10 - 15 years) Lifetime, which resulted in increasing demand for its reliability.Spacecraft reliability primarily depends on the reliability of electronic equipment, which is ensured by the choice of electronic components and redundant components.A safety margin of construction taken into consideration at the designing stage ensures reliability of structural components. To evaluate design reliability a formula is proposed which is based on the safety factors and variation coefficients of mechanical characteristics of the material and load.A technique of the Federal State Unitary Enterprise "Lavochkin Association" to ensure reliability is presented.The paper considers the problems arising in predicting and validating reliability at the stage of creating a spacecraft of sustained operation. Thus the main problems are as follows: an error when using the exponential law of probability distribution for the highly complicated sustained operation systems, a lack of records of degradation processes in existing techniques for reliability evaluation of radio-electronic airborne equipment, a probability estimate of radioelectronic equipment hardness beyond the calculating reliability, non-well adequate and, for some positions, aged data on the failure rate of electronic components, listed in Directory 2006, and some insufficiently justified coefficients of Directory models.The paper offers measures to solve abovementioned problems.</p

Features of the Transportation Capsules with the Ground by Means of the Inflatable Shell in the Suction Head of the SPACECRAFT "PhobosGrunt"

One of the most interesting trends of space research is a delivery of the soil samples of the investigated object to the Earth. In delivering the soil samples the most important stage is a stage to pick-and-place it in the transportation (returned) capsule.The aim of this work is to develop a reloading device of the suction head to provide picking up the soil of Mars’ satellite “Phobos”. This device is designed for use as a part of the spacecraft "Phobos-Grunt".The presented device belongs to a manipulating type of devices and consists of a manipulator and a handling device. The manipulator provides picking up the Phobos surface soil samples and their placing into a capsule, which is in the block of the handling device. Upon the capsule has been filled it is reloaded from the soil intake area to the area of capsule transfer, which is provided by means of a compactly piled gas-filled shell.In operation there is a number of restrictions. The tolerable capsule opening size to take-in the soil samples can be up to 10 mm with 1003 cm free soil capsule volume. When picking up the soil the magnitude of the axial force of the manipulator is restricted.The paper considers the operating principle of the reloading device and describes the handling device design and method to calculate its characteristics. It also presents the designing results of the handling device and its basic characteristics. The issues of the suction head reliability are also discussed.There is the Russian Federation patent for the invention №2413660 of the developed device.</p