Epizootiological-and-Epidemiological Situation in Natural Tularemia Foci of the Siberian and Far Eastern Federal Districts in 2011, and Prognosis for 2012

Presented is a piece of information about the situation in natural tularemia foci and human morbidity in the territory of Siberia and Far East in 2011. Outlined is the prognosis of epizootic situation for 2012. In 2011, sporadic morbidity was registered in the Novosibirsk, Tomsk, Kemerovo, and Omsk Regions. Isolated cases of the disease were identified in the Altai Territory, in the Khanty-Mansiisk autonomous district, and the Sakhalin Region. Specified is the fact that in 2011 epizooties were of a local scale, and the situation on tularemia on the whole was favorable. Nevertheless, the possibility of aggravation of the situation in some territories in 2012 is not ruled out completely

Pituitary tumor transforming gene-1 haplotypes and risk of pituitary adenoma: a case-control study

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>It has been suggested that pituitary adenoma results from accumulation of multiple genetic and/or epigenetic aberrations, which may be identified through association studies. As pituitary tumor transforming gene-1 (<it>PTTG1</it>)/securin plays a critical role in promoting genomic instability in pituitary neoplasia, the present study explored the association of <it>PTTG1 </it>haplotypes with the risk of pituitary adenoma.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>We genotyped five <it>PTTG1 </it>haplotype-tagging SNPs (htSNP) by PCR-RFLP assays in a case-control study, which included 280 Han Chinese patients diagnosed with pituitary adenoma and 280 age-, gender- and geographically matched Han Chinese controls. Haplotypes were reconstructed according to the genotyping data and linkage disequilibrium status of the htSNPs.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>No significant differences in allele and genotype frequencies of the htSNPs were observed between pituitary adenoma patients and controls, indicating that none of the individual <it>PTTG1 </it>SNPs examined in this study is associated with the risk of pituitary adenoma. In addition, no significant association was detected between the reconstructed <it>PTTG1 </it>haplotypes and pituitary adenoma cases or the controls.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Though no significant association was found between <it>PTTG1 </it>haplotypes and the risk of pituitary adenoma, this is the first report on the association of individual <it>PTTG1 </it>SNPs or <it>PTTG1 </it>haplotypes with the risk of pituitary adenoma based on a solid study; it will provide an important reference for future studies on the association between genetic alterations in <it>PTTG1 </it>and the risk of pituitary adenoma or other tumors.</p

Difficulties in diagnosing atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome

The paper presents the case of clinical observation of a patient with atypical hemolytic-uremic syndrome (aHUS). aHUS is a disease characterized by an unfavorable prognosis (severe or catastrophic course with rapid development of terminal renal or multi-organ failure). The aim of the study is to evaluate the approaches to differential diagnosis of aHUS in clinical practice.Material and methods. The study was conducted on the basis of the Nephrology Department of Kemerovo Regional Clinical Hospital n.a. S.V Belyaev. The clinical observation of patient D., aged 26 years old, is discussed.Results and discussion. Diagnosing aHUS requires: 1) diagnosing thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA: thrombocytopenia or decrease in platelet count by more than 25 % of original, visceral damage (kidneys, CNS, gastrointestinal tract, heart, lungs)); 2) ruling out HUS associated with Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC-HUS; negative for Shiga-toxin in blood and stool), thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP), systemic connective tissue disease, catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome, HIV infection; 3) assessing the activity of ADAMTS13 (decrease confirms the aHUS diagnosis); 4) proving normal content of complement components C3 and C4 as an additional argument in favor of aHUS diagnosis. At the first stage, the patient was diagnosed with TMA (platelet content 37 x 109/l, hemoglobin content 59 g/l), LDH up to 824 E/l), liver damage (AST, ALT and LDH activity 55, 60 and 824 U/l, respectively), kidney damage (acute renal damage), lungs, heart, and brain damage. At the second stage the following diagnoses were ruled out: STEC-HUS (Shiga toxin in blood and stool was not detected), TTP (ADAMTS13 activity level was 66 %, whereas reference values are 93-113 %, in TTP - below 5-10 %); systemic connective tissue diseases catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome, HIV infection sepsis. Normal values of C3 (0.9 g/l) and C4 (0.23 g/l) complement components did not rule out the diagnosis of aHUS

Studying Humoral Immune Response at Mild and Asymptomatic COVID-19 Forms

Background. Currently, during the COVID-19 pandemic, one of the most pressing healthcare problems is to ensure the safety of the population of the Russian Federation. There is insufficient information on the duration and intensity of post-infectious immunity in relation to SARS-CoV-2, especially in case of inapparent (without clinical signs), mild or latent forms of infection.Materials and methods. The study involved 99 volunteers with a laboratory confirmed PCR diagnosis of COVID-19 who were residents of the Irkutsk Region and of other regions of the Russian Federation and arrived to work in Bodaybo on a rotational basis. Also the study included 50 conditionally healthy people living in Irkutsk who had negative PCR results for SARS-CoV-2 RNA presence.Specific IgG and IgM antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 were detected in blood serum by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using test systems “ELISA anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG” (FBUN SSC PMB, Obolensk, Russian Federation), “SARS-CoV-2-IgG-IFA-BEST” and “SARS-CoV-2-IgM-IFA-BEST” (Vector-Best, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation).Results. The results of a study of the humoral immunity of patients with asymptomatic and clinical forms of COVID-19 are presented. The data indicate the production of specific IgG in the blood serum of people in 2–3 weeks after SARSCov-2 infection and reaching its maximum level on the 20–21st day. The seroconversion rate  was 94.9 %. It was shown that the geometric mean titer of antibodies in asymptomatic and mild forms of coronavirus infection did not differ statistically and amounted to 1:512 and 1:632, respectively. Higher titers of antibodies (1:1600) were detected in the moderate form.Conclusion. The research results can serve as a basis for studying the dynamics of changes in the indicators  of the humoral immune response in patients with COVID-19 and for clarifying the duration of their post- infectious immunity in order to predict the development of the epidemic situation and to ensure the planning of specific prevention

Epidemiological Situation on the Tick-Borne Viral Encephalitis in the Russian Federation in 2009-2011 and Prognosis for 2012

Analysis of the epidemiological situation on the tick-borne viral encephalitis in the territory of the Russian Federation with due consideration to weekly epidemiological monitoring data (2009-2011), conducted by Rospotrebnadzor organizations in the corresponding constituent entities, testifies of the fact that continuous decrease in morbidity, characteristic of the early XXI century, has given way to a slight increase within the past three years. Given that there are no spring or early-summer weather anomalies or forest fires, morbidity rates among the population of the Russian Federation in 2012 can tend to exceed 2011 rates. Comprehensive set of measures applied for the disease control and prevention in the majority of endemic territories is quite effective in view of averting sharp upturn of morbidity rates, but nevertheless is not sufficient in view of the suppression of epidemiological situation

Population immunity to SARS-CoV-2 virus in residents of the Irkutsk Region in the dynamics of the epidemic

Background. Currently, the COVID-19 pandemic in the world and in Russia remains the main event. In this regard, the study of the manifestations of the epidemic process of the new coronavirus infection COVID-19 and the patterns of its development are an urgent area of research. In the fight against this viral disease, an important role is assigned to the study of the development of population immunity to the SARSCoV-2 virus, which will make it possible to assess the dynamics of seroprevalence and the formation of post-infectious humoral immunity, forecasting the development of the epidemiological situation, elucidating the characteristics of the epidemic process, and will also contribute to planning activities for specific and non-specific prevention of the disease.The aim: to determine the dynamics of population immunity to SARS-CoV-2 among the population of the Irkutsk region during the COVID-19 pandemic.Materials and methods. As a part of the Rospotrebnadzor project of assessing population immunity to SARS-CoV-2 in the population of the Russian Federation, the research has being conducted among the population of the Irkutsk region in the periods from June 23, 2020 to July 19, 2020 (Stage 1), from September 16, 2020 to September 25, 2020 (Stage 2), from December 7, 2020 to December 18, 2020 (Stage 3) and from March 8, 2021 to March 14, 2021(Stage 4), taking into account the reacted one recommended by the WHO. The content of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 was determined by ELISA using a set of tests for human serum or plasma for specific immunoglobulins of class G to the proteins of the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus.The results. The research of the humoral immunity of volunteers shows that during the period of an epidemic rise in the incidence of COVID-19 in the Irkutsk region, a low level of seroprevalence was formed (Stage 1 – 5.8 ± 0.5 %, Stage 2 – 12.1 ± 0.7 %), and in conditions of a long-term maximum increase in the incidence rate – 25.9 ± 1.0 % (Stage 3) and 46.2 ± 1.2 % (Stage 4). A significant proportion (Stage 1 – 82.2 ± 3.2 %, Stage 2 – 86.1 ± 2.3 %) of asymptomatic forms of infection characterizes the high intensity of the latently developing epidemic process in the first two stages. High levels of IgG in reconvalescents of COVID-19 persisted for an average of 3 to 5 months.Conclusion. The results of assessing the population immunity to the SARS-CoV-2 virus in the population of the Irkutsk region indicate that the seroprevalence level at Stage 4 of the research was 46.2 %. After the disease, on average, 49.5 % of persons did not detect antibodies. The results obtained should be taken into account when organizing preventive measures, including vaccination, and predicting morbidity

Results of Monitoring over the West Nile Fever Pathogen in the Territory of the Russian Federation in 2017. Forecast of Epidemic Situation Development in Russia in 2018

In Europe, in the epidemic season 2017, the incidence of West Nile fever did not exceed the index of the previous season. In the US and Canada, there was an increase in the incidence of cases. West Nile fever morbidity rates in the Russian Federation and in separate constituent entities were below the average long-term index and had the lowest value for the period since 2008. 41.6 % of WNF cases were imported to Russia from the distant countries. Analysis of the monitoring results indicated the circulation of WNF virus markers in carriers of the pathogen in 6 constituent entities of the Russian Federation, and the presence of IgG antibodies in healthy population cohorts in 24 RF entities. According to molecular-genetic typing of WNF virus samples from mosquito Culex modestus from the Volgograd Region, WNF virus genotype II was established. Forecasting of epidemiological situation development for the year 2018 does not rule out the possibility of local increase in WNF incidence in certain regions of Russia

Antrax in Primorsky Territory (1919–2020). Communication 2. Episootiological- Epidemiological Situation and Zoning of Administrative Territories

The aim of the study was to analyze the epizootiological and epidemiological situation in the Primorsky Territory (1919–2020) and to zone the administrative districts in regard to anthrax. Materials and methods. Accounting and reporting documents, information and archival materials were collected and analyzed, statistical reference books and literature sources were used. A comprehensive epizootiological and epidemiological survey of 12 supposed places of anthrax burials and cattle burial grounds was carried out, and their biological hazard assessed. Results and discussion. Within the framework of updating the Cadastre of stationary potentially hazardous as regards anthrax areas in the Russian Federation (2005), the number of infected farm animals and human cases was specified: according to official data, over the period of 1930–1979, the disease in 173 animals and 34 people with five deaths was registered in 82 stationary unfavorable for anthrax areas of 22 municipalities of the region. Together with the veterinary service of the region, an audit of 12 supposed places of anthrax burials in seven districts of the region was conducted. Based on the results of a comprehensive epizootiological and epidemiological survey, high biological hazard was established for 2 and potential one – for 1 anthrax burials. The culture of Bacillus anthracis isolated on the territory of Primorsky Territory belongs to one of the canonical SNP clusters – A.Br.008/009 of the global genetic line A (subgroup A1). Five criteria for assessing the epizootiological and epidemiological disadvantage for anthrax and the ranking of indicators of the administrative territories in the region have been determined. Zoning of the administrative territories of the region according to risk of anthrax has been carried out. Prophylactic anti-epizootic and anti-epidemic measures have been put forward

Epidemiological Situation on Tick-Borne Viral Encephalitis in the Territory of the Russian Federation in 2012 and Prognosis for 2013

Analyzed are the epidemiological situation and preventive measures against tick-borne encephalitis in the territory of the Russian Federation in 2012. Short-term forecast for 2013 is made based on the population morbidity rate in the federal districts of Russia in 2007–2012

ТРУДНОСТИ ВЕДЕНИЯ ГЕМОДИАЛИЗ-ЗАВИСИМЫХ ПАЦИЕНТОВ С ОСТРЫМ ИНФАРКТОМ МИОКАРДА. КЛИНИЧЕСКИЙ ПРИМЕР

The clinical case reports a personalized expert approach to the management of a patient with myocardial infarction receiving programmed hemodialysis. The challenges facing by cardiologists with antiplatelet therapy, statin therapy, betablockers and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system blockers as basic therapy have been discussed. The experience of performing coronary angiography with a limited dosage of the contrast agent followed by the stenting in the patient intolerant to unfractionated heparin is presented The complexity of post-puncture hemostasis before dialysis is highlighted. A particular attention has been paid to the existing difficulties in selecting rational loading doses of antiplatelet agents for these patients due to poor evidences on the elimination of clopidogrel metabolites from the blood flow.Представленный клинический пример демонстрирует персонифицированный экспертный коллегиальный подход к ведению пациентки с инфарктом миокарда, находящейся на программном гемодиализе. Разобраны вопросы назначения кардиологом антитромбоцитарной терапии, терапии статинами, бета-адреноблокаторами и блокаторами ренин-ангиотензин-альдостероновой системы в качестве базовой терапии. Обсужден опыт проведения интервенционным хирургом коронарографии и стентирования в условиях непереносимости нефракционированного гепарина, ограниченном объеме введения контрастного препарата, сложности постпункционного гемостаза до диализа. Отражены существующие сложности в подборе больной рациональных нагрузочных доз дезагрегантов, с учетом дефицита знаний о возможностях элиминации метаболитов клопидогреля из кровоток