Organization of the Emergency Dental Service in the City of Zagreb and Zagreb County

Hitna stomatološka služba društvena je javnozdravstvena djelatnost primarne stomatološke zaštite organizirana i financirana od HZZO-a Grada Zagreba i Zagrebačke županije kako bi se na trima lokacijama svim građanima Grada Zagreba i Zagrebačke županije pružile hitne stomatološke usluge u vremenu kada ostale stomatološke ustanove i ordinacije ne ordiniraju, a to je tijekom svake noći od 22 sata do 6 sati ujutro, te nedjeljama, praznicima i blagdanima. U cijelosti sagledavši organizaciju spomenute službe, do 2000. godine Gradski je ured za zdravstvo, rad i socijalnu skrb proveo funkcionalnu reorganizaciju sa svrhom da se postignu najviši standardi u hitnoj zubozdravstvenoj zaštiti svih građana Zagreba i Zagrebačke županije. Služba je organizirana u uređenim prostorima i s novom stomatološkom opremom na trima lokacijama: u KB Dubrava (Av. G. Šuška 6), u Stomatološkoj poliklinici Zagreb (Perkovčeva 3) i u Domu zdravlja Centarlokacija Siget (Aleja pomoraca bb). Radi se sa sedam timova; od čega pet timova financira HZZO, a po jedan tim financiraju Grad Zagreb i Zagrebačka županija. Grad Zagreb ima 780 000 stanovnika, a Županija još dodatnih 310 000 stanovnika.The emergency dental service is a social public health activity of primary dental health care organized and financed by the Croatian Institute for Health Insurance, city of Zagreb and the Zagreb county. The emergency dental service offers quick and important dental services to every citizen of the city of Zagreb and Zagreb county. The emergency dental service works when other dental instutitions and practices do not work, i.e. each night from 10 pm. to 06 am., on Sundays, holidays and feasts. Based on the activity of the mentioned organization up to the year 2000, the city of Zagreb’s “Department for Health, Work and Social Welfare“ decided to conduct functional reorganization with the aim of achieving the highest standards of emergency dental service for each citizen of the town and county. The service is organized in new facilities with new dental equipment at three locations: Clinical Hospital “Dubrava“ (Av. G. Šuška 6), Dental polyclinic Zagreb (Perkovćeva 3) and Health Center “Center“- location Siget (Aleja pomoraca bb.). The service has 7 teams, 5 of which are financed by the Croatian Institute for Health Insurance, 1 by the city of Zagreb, and 1 by the Zagreb county. The city of Zagreb has 780000 residents and the county has an additional 310000 residents

The Rate of Resorption of Different Regions of Residual Ridges in Complete Denture Wearers Dependent on the Region and the Period Following the Last Extraction. One Year Study.

Residual alveolar ridges (RR) show continual resorption after the loss of the natural dentition, resulting in reduction of the morphologic face height and counterclockwise rotation of the mandible, regardless of whether the dentures are worn or not. The aim of this study was to analyse residual ridge resorption (RRR) in 5 different regions of both jaws on the successive lateral cephalograms of 50 complete denture wearers and to correlate such changes with the number of years of edentia and the region where the last extraction was performed. The height of the residual ridges was measured on 5 different sites of the mandible and the maxillary RR using a calibrated grid. The results revealed that all the patients showed significant RRR in the one year period (p<0.01), which was 2.5x more in the mandible than in the maxilla. RRR was bigger in patients who had had their last extraction within a period of one year before receiving their dentures, than in patients who had extracted their teeth earlier (p<0.01). However, the rate of RRR was significantly higher (p<0.01) in the anterior regions of both jaws compared to distal regions (0.41 and 0.42 mm in the incisive/canine region: 0.2 and 0.17 mm in the premolar/ molar region for the maxilla 1.05 and 0.82 mm in the incisive/canine region : 0.27 and 0.11 in the premolar/ molar region for the mandible), even in patients where the last extraction was performed in the premolar region. It seems that the structure of the bone and strains in RR, due to loading from the dentures, may play a role, not only the period following extraction and the region of the last extraction

The Rate of Resorption of Different Regions of Residual Ridges in Complete Denture Wearers Dependent on the Region and the Period Following the Last Extraction. One Year Study.

Residual alveolar ridges (RR) show continual resorption after the loss of the natural dentition, resulting in reduction of the morphologic face height and counterclockwise rotation of the mandible, regardless of whether the dentures are worn or not. The aim of this study was to analyse residual ridge resorption (RRR) in 5 different regions of both jaws on the successive lateral cephalograms of 50 complete denture wearers and to correlate such changes with the number of years of edentia and the region where the last extraction was performed. The height of the residual ridges was measured on 5 different sites of the mandible and the maxillary RR using a calibrated grid. The results revealed that all the patients showed significant RRR in the one year period (p<0.01), which was 2.5x more in the mandible than in the maxilla. RRR was bigger in patients who had had their last extraction within a period of one year before receiving their dentures, than in patients who had extracted their teeth earlier (p<0.01). However, the rate of RRR was significantly higher (p<0.01) in the anterior regions of both jaws compared to distal regions (0.41 and 0.42 mm in the incisive/canine region: 0.2 and 0.17 mm in the premolar/ molar region for the maxilla 1.05 and 0.82 mm in the incisive/canine region : 0.27 and 0.11 in the premolar/ molar region for the mandible), even in patients where the last extraction was performed in the premolar region. It seems that the structure of the bone and strains in RR, due to loading from the dentures, may play a role, not only the period following extraction and the region of the last extraction

Oral Status, Aesthetic Materials and Frequency of Crowns and Bridges in Patients with Fixed Prosthetic Appliances Living in the Metkovi} Region

The aim of the study was to examine oral status in patients of the Metkovi} region with fixed prosthodontic appliances. The aim was also to evaluate aesthetic materials used, and difference between the frequency of crowns and bridges dependent on patient’s age and frequency of visits to dentist. The examination was performed on 212 dental patients with fixed prosthetic appliances, from the Public Health Center »Metkovi}«. A questionnaire was created for the purpose of this study and was filled in by the patients. The dentist registered oral status. Descriptive statistics and 2 tests were used for the data analysis. Following conclusions were made: 1. The examined patients had relatively high caries (tooth decay), gangrene and residual roots prevalence, the oral hygiene was not appropriate, calculus and gingivitis were diagnosed in all patients (100%) and these facts point out to the insufficient preventive oral health care in the Metkovi} region, as well as to the insufficient self-perception on the proper oral hygiene maintenance. 2. Patients who visit their dentist regularly (once a year or more) have significantly more crowns than bridges than the patients who visit their dentist irregularly or when in pain (p < 0.01). 3. Almost all fixed prosthetic appliances not older than 10 years were made of porcelain (98%), while acrylic veneer crowns (or chromasite) were more frequent in appliances older than 10 or 15 years (p < 0.01). There was no gender difference dependent on the material used (p > 0.05). High frequency of porcelain was attributed to the high economic status of this region, as well as to a dentist’s preference

Analysis of Occlusal Contacts in Different Types of Prosthodontic Appliances, Eichner Classifications, Presence RCP-ICP Slide and the Type of Occlusion

The aim of the study was to determine the number and the type of the occlusal contacts (strong, weak) with respect to the type of the prosthodontic appliance (fixed, removable, combined fixed-removable) and with respect to the Eichner classification in patients with their appliances being in a good function for a long time. The aim of the study was also to determine the number and the type of the occlusal contacts (strong, weak) with respect to the type of occlusion (canine guided, group function or balanced) and the presence of the RCP-ICP slide. A total of 440 patients with different types of prosthodontic appliances were examined for the antagonistic occlusal contacts using occlusal strips of 11 m and 50 m. The average number of occlusal contacts was 10.5 for the upper and 10.46 for the lower posterior teeth, approximately 5 on each side of the tooth arch. The results of the study suggest that the biggest number of occlusal contacts were recorded for the small span fixed appliances (2 on average), the greater span fixed and fixed-removable prosthodontic appliances exhibited 1.6 occlusal contacts, and the removable complete denture exhibited 1.2 contact per the tooth in the posterior region. The number of the hard occlusal contacts was significantly greater in fixed and fixedremovable prosthodontic appliances in comparison with the complete dentures (p < 0.05), while there was no significant difference between the prosthodontic appliances for the weak occlusal contacts (p > 0.05). The overall number of the occlusal contacts, as well as the number of the hard occlusal contacts was significantly greater in the Eichner class I cases (p < 0.05) in comparison with the Eichner classes II and III. The number of the weak occlusal contacts showed no significant differences with respect to the Eichner classification (p > 0.05). There was no significant difference in the number of occlusal contacts between the appliances with RCP-ICP slide and where ICP and RCP corresponded (p > 0.05)

A Comparison of Trace Element (TE) Release from High Noble Au-Pt Alloy and Base Co-Cr-Mo Alloy Under In Vitro Conditions of Imitating Oral Saliva

In a moist environment electrochemical conditions lead to release of metal ions into the patient\u27s saliva. The aim of this study was to examine and compare the types and quantities of metal ions released from two alloys: AuPt alloy and Co-Cr-Mo alloy under in vitro conditions, imitating artificial saliva. We soaked ten sets of Au-Pt alloy pieces having 133 mm2 exposure surface and ten sets of Co-Cr-Mo alloy (WironitR, Bego, Germany) pieces having 497 mm2 exposure surface for 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 14, 21 and 30 days (six pieces each set) in phosphate buffered saline (pH 6.0) to mimic dental saliva. TE in the phosphate buffered saline (saliva) were assessed by ICP-AES (JY 50P, Jobin-Ywon, France) with the detection limit of 10 mg/L. We found detectable amounts (mg/L) of TE (Mean SD) released from Au-Pt alloy (Mean SD): Zn 124 (51), Cu 53 (63), Fe 15 (11) and Cr 18 (25) and detectable amounts of TE released from Co- Cr-Mo alloy (Mean SD): Co 337 (170), Fe 21 (15) Zn 87 (56), Ni 41 (68), and Cr 49 (42). The manufacturer did not indicate the presence of Zn and Fe in the Au-Pt alloy and the presence of Fe, Zn, and Ni in the Co-Cr- Mo alloy. Significantly higher amount of Zn was released from high noble AuPt alloy than from Co-Cr-Mo alloy (p<0.05) and a significantly higher amount of Cr was released from Co-Cr--Mo alloy than from Au-Pt alloy. There was no significant difference in the amount of Fe ions released between the two alloys (p>0.05). We must keep in mind that the amount of released TE may be much higher than the reported values after laboratory procedures (casting, polishing, etc.) and, moreover, other TE may become detectable

Trace Element (TE) Release from Two Different Base Alloys Unde Conditions Imitating Oral Saliva

Electrochemical conditions in the oral cavity lead to a release of metal ions into the patient\u27s saliva. The aim of this study was to examine and compare the types andquantities of metal ions released from two base alloys: Co-Cr-Mo alloy (WironitR, Bego, Germany) and Ni-Cr alloy (Wiron 99, Bego, Germany) under in vitro conditions imitating artificial saliva. We soaked ten sets of each alloy having 497 mm2 exposure surface for 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 14, 21 and 30 days (six pieces each set) in phosphate buffered saline (pH 6.0). TE in the phosphate buffered saline (saliva) were assessed by ICP-AES (JY 50P, Jobin-Ywon, France) with the detection limit of 10 mg/L. We found detectable amounts (mg/L) of TE (Mean SD) released from Co-Cr-Mo alloy (Mean SD): Co 337 (170), Fe 21 (15) Zn 87 (56), Ni 41 (68), and Cr 49 (42) and detectable amounts of TE released from Ni-Cr alloy (Mean SD): Co 265 (300), Fe 247 (256) Zn 92 (46), Ni 542 (668), and Cr 396 (410). The manufacturer did not indicate the presence of Fe, Zn, and Ni in the Co-Cr-Mo alloy and the presence of Fe, Co and Zn, in the Ni-Cr alloy. A significantly higher amount of Fe, Ni and Cr was released from Ni-Cr alloy (p<0.05), and a considerably higher amount of Co was released from Co-Cr-Mo alloy, although it did not reach a statistically significant level (p>0.05), while there was no significant difference between the two alloys for Fe ion release (p>0.05). We must keep in mind that the amount of the released TE may be much higher than the reported values in this study, after the laboratory procedures (casting, polishing, etc.) and allergenic essential TE Cr, Co, and Ni may be present locally in a considerably higher amount

Oral Status, Aesthetic Materials and Frequency of Crowns and Bridges in Patients with Fixed Prosthetic Appliances Living in the Metkovi} Region

The aim of the study was to examine oral status in patients of the Metkovi} region with fixed prosthodontic appliances. The aim was also to evaluate aesthetic materials used, and difference between the frequency of crowns and bridges dependent on patient’s age and frequency of visits to dentist. The examination was performed on 212 dental patients with fixed prosthetic appliances, from the Public Health Center »Metkovi}«. A questionnaire was created for the purpose of this study and was filled in by the patients. The dentist registered oral status. Descriptive statistics and 2 tests were used for the data analysis. Following conclusions were made: 1. The examined patients had relatively high caries (tooth decay), gangrene and residual roots prevalence, the oral hygiene was not appropriate, calculus and gingivitis were diagnosed in all patients (100%) and these facts point out to the insufficient preventive oral health care in the Metkovi} region, as well as to the insufficient self-perception on the proper oral hygiene maintenance. 2. Patients who visit their dentist regularly (once a year or more) have significantly more crowns than bridges than the patients who visit their dentist irregularly or when in pain (p < 0.01). 3. Almost all fixed prosthetic appliances not older than 10 years were made of porcelain (98%), while acrylic veneer crowns (or chromasite) were more frequent in appliances older than 10 or 15 years (p < 0.01). There was no gender difference dependent on the material used (p > 0.05). High frequency of porcelain was attributed to the high economic status of this region, as well as to a dentist’s preference

Organization of the Emergency Dental Service in the City of Zagreb and Zagreb County

Hitna stomatološka služba društvena je javnozdravstvena djelatnost primarne stomatološke zaštite organizirana i financirana od HZZO-a Grada Zagreba i Zagrebačke županije kako bi se na trima lokacijama svim građanima Grada Zagreba i Zagrebačke županije pružile hitne stomatološke usluge u vremenu kada ostale stomatološke ustanove i ordinacije ne ordiniraju, a to je tijekom svake noći od 22 sata do 6 sati ujutro, te nedjeljama, praznicima i blagdanima. U cijelosti sagledavši organizaciju spomenute službe, do 2000. godine Gradski je ured za zdravstvo, rad i socijalnu skrb proveo funkcionalnu reorganizaciju sa svrhom da se postignu najviši standardi u hitnoj zubozdravstvenoj zaštiti svih građana Zagreba i Zagrebačke županije. Služba je organizirana u uređenim prostorima i s novom stomatološkom opremom na trima lokacijama: u KB Dubrava (Av. G. Šuška 6), u Stomatološkoj poliklinici Zagreb (Perkovčeva 3) i u Domu zdravlja Centarlokacija Siget (Aleja pomoraca bb). Radi se sa sedam timova; od čega pet timova financira HZZO, a po jedan tim financiraju Grad Zagreb i Zagrebačka županija. Grad Zagreb ima 780 000 stanovnika, a Županija još dodatnih 310 000 stanovnika.The emergency dental service is a social public health activity of primary dental health care organized and financed by the Croatian Institute for Health Insurance, city of Zagreb and the Zagreb county. The emergency dental service offers quick and important dental services to every citizen of the city of Zagreb and Zagreb county. The emergency dental service works when other dental instutitions and practices do not work, i.e. each night from 10 pm. to 06 am., on Sundays, holidays and feasts. Based on the activity of the mentioned organization up to the year 2000, the city of Zagreb’s “Department for Health, Work and Social Welfare“ decided to conduct functional reorganization with the aim of achieving the highest standards of emergency dental service for each citizen of the town and county. The service is organized in new facilities with new dental equipment at three locations: Clinical Hospital “Dubrava“ (Av. G. Šuška 6), Dental polyclinic Zagreb (Perkovćeva 3) and Health Center “Center“- location Siget (Aleja pomoraca bb.). The service has 7 teams, 5 of which are financed by the Croatian Institute for Health Insurance, 1 by the city of Zagreb, and 1 by the Zagreb county. The city of Zagreb has 780000 residents and the county has an additional 310000 residents