Religious Culture and Secular Ethics

The paper considers the morale in modern Russian society in general and problems connected with including in the school curriculum a new subject The Bases of Religious Cultures and Secular Ethics.В статье рассматривается общая моральная обстановка в современном российском обществе и связанные с ней проблемы введения в общеобразовательной школе нового предмета «Основы религиозных культур и светской этики». Автор продолжает дискуссию, развернувшуюся в предшествующем году на страницах журнала «Образование и наука» по поводу введения в системе среднего образования новой дисциплины

High-resolution remote thermography using luminescent low-dimensional tin-halide perovskites

While metal-halide perovskites have recently revolutionized research in optoelectronics through a unique combination of performance and synthetic simplicity, their low-dimensional counterparts can further expand the field with hitherto unknown and practically useful optical functionalities. In this context, we present the strong temperature dependence of the photoluminescence (PL) lifetime of low-dimensional, perovskite-like tin-halides, and apply this property to thermal imaging with a high precision of 0.05 {\deg}C. The PL lifetimes are governed by the heat-assisted de-trapping of self-trapped excitons, and their values can be varied over several orders of magnitude by adjusting the temperature (up to 20 ns {\deg}C-1). Typically, this sensitive range spans up to one hundred centigrade, and it is both compound-specific and shown to be compositionally and structurally tunable from -100 to 110 {\deg} C going from [C(NH2)3]2SnBr4 to Cs4SnBr6 and (C4N2H14I)4SnI6. Finally, through the innovative implementation of cost-effective hardware for fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLI), based on time-of-flight (ToF) technology, these novel thermoluminophores have been used to record thermographic videos with high spatial and thermal resolution.Comment: 25 pages, 4 figure

Religious scholars: theory and practice activities

The aim of the study is to consider the theoretical and practical problems of texts analysis of an extremist orientation; to define lacks of vocational training of religious scholars. Methods. The methods involve analysis of existing points of view on the issue; analysis of the conceptual apparatus; reflection of empirical experience of the expert participation in law enforcement investigation and at court. The present investigation is carried out based on the authors’ experience of expert activity. Results. The scientific inconsistency of widespread concepts "sect", «totalitarian sect», and «a destructive cult» is proved. Authors note that the term "sect" is necessary to use as religious concept exclusively in the sphere of studying of Christianity history. The necessity of correction of normative base is proved upon which many procedural and substantial questions of judicial religious examinations are solved. Scientific novelty. Specificity of religious expertise as a form of scientific research is presented; factors that negatively affect its results are identified; it is justified that the legal position and status of non-state independent religious experts actually are not determined, therefore, not protected. Practical significance. The use of theoretical research results allows activating theoretical component of educational activity on training personnel for Religious as in the system of higher education, and in self-education; it contributes to the development of tools of empirical research in the field of religious expertise and improves the quality of expert opinionsЦель публикации – рассмотреть теоретические и практические проблемы экспертиз текстов экстремистской направленности и определить недостатки профессиональной подготовки экспертов-религиоведов. Методы, использованные в работе, – анализ существующих точек зрения по поводу понятийного аппарата указанных экспертиз; рефлексия эмпирического опыта экспертного участия на следствии и в суде. Результаты. Доказана научная несостоятельность широко распространенных понятий «секта», «тоталитарная секта», «деструктивный культ». Авторы считают, что термин «секта» следует использовать как религиоведческое понятие исключительно в сфере изучения истории христианства. Обоснована необходимость коррекции нормативной базы, на основе которой решаются многие процессуальные и содержательные вопросы судебной религиоведческой экспертизы. Научная новизна. Показана специфика религиоведческой экспертизы как вида научного исследования; выявлены факторы, негативно влияющие на ее результаты; констатируется, что правовое положение и статус негосударственного независимого эксперта-религиоведа фактически не определены, следовательно, никак не защищены. Практическая значимость. Использование результатов изложенного исследования позволяет активизировать теоретическую составляющую образовательной деятельности по программам подготовки религиоведческих кадров как в системе высшего профессионального образования, так и при самообразовании, способствует разработке инструментария эмпирических изысканий в области религиоведческой экспертизы и повышению качества экспертных заключений

The Linguistic Background of the Modern Process of Educating Future Teachers

Статья поступила в редакцию 31.01.2024 г.В статье представлена попытка социокультурного и социолингвистического исследования влияния, которое оказывает на учебно-воспитательный процесс педагогического вуза повседневный и квазипрофессиональный речевой фон. Раскрыто негативное влияние на профессиональное становление будущих педагогов обсценной лексики в обыденной речи студентов и иноязычных заимствований в лексике учебного процесса. Научная новизна исследования состоит в доказательстве того, что языковой фон современной обыденной и квазипрофессиональной речи, которую слышат современные студенты, не способствует их будущему профессиональному становлению. В связи с этим противодействие сквернословию и необоснованным иноязычным заимствованиям в учебно- воспитательном процессе педагогических вузов следует рассматривать не в общевоспитательном контексте и не в контексте формирования «гибких компетенций», но как работу по формированию профессионально необходимых педагогических качеств.The author makes an attempt of sociocultural and sociolinguistic analysis of how the content of everyday speech and quasi-professional speech background affects the educational process in higher education for future teachers. The negative influence of obscene vocabulary in students’ everyday speech and foreign language borrowings in the vocabulary of the educational process on the professional formation of future teachers was revealed. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the fact that it is proved that the linguistic background of modern everyday and quasi-professional speech heard by modern students does not stipulate their future professional formation. In this regard, the counteraction to profanity and unjustified foreign language borrowings in the teaching process of pedagogical universities should be considered not in the general pedagogical context and not in the context of the formation of «flexible competences», but as a task to form professionally necessary pedagogical qualities

Towards Learning and Explaining Indirect Causal Effects in Neural Networks

Recently, there has been a growing interest in learning and explaining causal effects within Neural Network (NN) models. By virtue of NN architectures, previous approaches consider only direct and total causal effects assuming independence among input variables. We view an NN as a structural causal model (SCM) and extend our focus to include indirect causal effects by introducing feedforward connections among input neurons. We propose an ante-hoc method that captures and maintains direct, indirect, and total causal effects during NN model training. We also propose an algorithm for quantifying learned causal effects in an NN model and efficient approximation strategies for quantifying causal effects in high-dimensional data. Extensive experiments conducted on synthetic and real-world datasets demonstrate that the causal effects learned by our ante-hoc method better approximate the ground truth effects compared to existing methods

EXPERIMENTAL AND THEORETICAL VALIDATION OF DOUBLE COLUMN INTERNAL FIXATION THEORY FOR DISTAL FEMORAL FRACTURES

Purpose of the study – to experimentally compare efficiency of lateral and bilateral (lateral and medial) plate fixation of distal femoral fractures and to validate the appropriateness of double column theory of distal femur anatomy for internal fixation for these fractures.Material and methods. The authors performed a biomechanical study in two series on polyurethane models of right femur corresponding in dimensions to natural femur. After simulating a 33 C2 fracture type it was fixed by one lateral plate or two (lateral and medial) plates. After fixation the models were tested in six load ranges with maximal load from 20 to 120 kgf in cyclic mode.Results. The authors obtained a significant difference in absolute values of fragments displacement amplitude depending on fixation method. In the first series of the experiment – one plate fixed on the lateral surface of the femur – under minimal load the displacement value was reported as0.3 mm and under maximal load —1.9 mm; in the second series of experiment – two plates fixed on the lateral and medial surfaces of the femur – displacement values were reported as0.35 mm and0.95 mm respectively. Conclusion. The presence or absence of medial support after internal fixation has a profound impact on ensuring stability in cases of comminuted fractures of distal femoral fractures. In this context the use of double column theory of distal femur anatomy for internal fixation can significantly improve the treatment outcomes for such patients. After trials of minimally invasive fixation method on anatomical specimen the described theory can be implemented into the clinical practice

Italian healthcare workers' views on mandatory vaccination

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Mandatory vaccination has contributed to the success of immunisation programmes but voluntary vaccination allows people to be responsible for their own health. There are benefits from both policies and the arguments between them remain subject to debate within and without the scientific community, both nationally and internationally. The aim of this study is to assess the opinions of those who actually work in the Vaccination Service.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>The survey was carried out using a self-administered standardised anonymous questionnaire given to all of the Vaccination Service employees in the Apulia Region.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Of 302 completed questionnaire replies, 4.4% stated that mandatory vaccination should be abandoned now, 21.2% that it should be phased out, and 74.4% that it should be retained.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>An educational program should be set up to explain to Vaccination staff the value and worth of voluntary compared to mandatory vaccination and why high vaccination rates do not have to depend on compulsion.</p

Genetic dissimilarity in varieties of Artemisia annua L. based on agronomic, physiological and phytochemical characters

O presente estudo objetivou estimar a variabilidade genética existente entre caracteres agronômicos, fisiológicos e fitoquímicos em variedades de A. annua. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado e os tratamentos foram as variedades Artemis, 2/39x5x3M, e 2/39x1V de A. annua, submetidas a avaliações agronômicas, fisiológicas e fitoquímicas. Para a realização das estimativas de distância genética foram geradas matrizes de dissimilaridade utilizando a distância Euclidiana e os métodos de agrupamento de Tocher e UPGMA. Além disso, avaliou-se a importância relativa dos caracteres para divergência genética pelo método de Singh. As análises foram realizadas pelo software Genes e os dendrogramas obtidos pelo NTSYS. A presença de variabilidade genética dentro das variedades permitiu a identificação de acessos dissimilares e com média elevada para as características estudadas. O número de ramificações, concentração intracelular de CO2, e o rendimento de óleo essencial foram os caracteres que mais contribuíram para a dissimilaridade genética de A. annua. Os acessos B24, C5 e C32 foram os mais promissores dentro das variedades e devem ser conservados para futuras hibridações, sendo que as hibridações mais promissoras na obtenção de populações segregantes desejadas são B24 x C5, B24 x C32 e C5 x C321621356363COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DE PESSOAL DE NÍVEL SUPERIOR - CAPESsem informaçãoThis study aimed to estimate the genetic variability among agronomic, physiological, and phytochemical characters in varieties of A. annua. The experimental design was completely randomized and the treatments were the varieties Artemis, 2/39x5x3M and 2/39x1V of A. annua, subject to agronomic, physiological and phytochemical evaluations. To estimate the genetic distances, dissimilarity matrices were generated using the Euclidean distance and the Tocher and UPGMA grouping methods. Moreover, we evaluated the relative importance of the characters for genetic divergence through the method of Singh. The analyses were performed in the Genes software and the dendrograms were obtained from the NTSYS program. The presence of genetic variability within the varieties allowed the identification of dissimilar accessions with high average for all traits. The number of branches, intracellular concentration of CO2 and oil yield were the traits that contributed most to the genetic dissimilarity of A. annua. The accessions B24, C5 and C32 were the most promising within the populations and must be conserved for future crossings, and the most promising crosses to obtain the desired segregant populations were B24 x C5, B24 x C32 and C5 x C3

Assessment of the economic efficiency of application of foreign manufactured expensive cutting tools in Ukraine

Бенин Е. Ю. Оценка экономической эффективности применения на предприятиях Украины дорогостоящих режущих инструментов зарубежного производства / Е. Ю. Бенин, Ф. В. Новиков, В. А. Андилахай // Вісник Приазовського державного технічного університету : зб. наукових праць / ПДТУ. - Маріуполь, 2013. - Вип. 26. - С. 25-31. - (Серія : Економічні науки).Применение прогрессивных высокопроизводительных сборных твердосплавных режущих инструментов с износостойкими покрытиями зарубежного производства, характеризующихся чрезвычайно высокими режущими свойствами, в связи с их высокой стоимостью в Украине приводит к увеличению себестоимости и снижению производительности обработки, что при определенных условиях лишает их преимуществ по сравнению с применяемыми на практике устаревшими конструкциями отечественных твердосплавных режущих инструментов. При условии приобретения режущих инструментов зарубежного производства по цене фирмы-изготовителя появляется возможность их экономически эффективного применения на машиностроительных предприятиях Украины. При этом себестоимость обработки ниже, чем у фирмы-изготовителя инструментов за рубежом, т.к. в Украине тарифная ставка рабочего меньше, чем в экономически развитых странах. Это позволяет эффективно использовать инструменты как в условиях обычного, так и высокоскоростного резания.Застосування прогресивних високопродуктивних збірних твердосплавних різальних інструментів зі зносостійкими покриттями закордонного виробництва, які характеризуються надзвичайно високими ріжучими властивостями, у зв'язку з їхньою високою ціною в Україні приводить до збільшення собівартості й зниження продуктивності обробки, що за певних умов позбавляє їхніх переваг у порівнянні зі застосовуваними на практиці застарілими конструкціями вітчизняних твердосплавних різальних інструментів. За умови придбання різальних інструментів закордонного виробництва за ціною фірми-виготовлювача з'являється можливість їх економічного ефективного застосування на машинобудівних підприємствах України. При цьому собівартість обробки нижче, ніж у закордонної фірми-виготовлювача інструментів, тому що в Україні тарифна ставка робітника менше, ніж в економічно розвинених країнах. Це дозволяє ефективно використовувати інструменти як в умовах звичайного, так і високошвидкісного різання.Application of advance hard-alloy cutting tools with wear-resistant coating of foreign production, characterized by extremely high cutting properties, due to their high cost in Ukraine leads to increased production costs and reduced processing capacity and under certain conditions this deprive them of advantages in comparison with obsolete cutting tools of domestic production. Moreover, the production costs could be lower in this case, as labour costs in this allows you to use efficiently the tools, both in the conventional and high-speed cutting