INFLUENCE OF TECHNOLOGICAL STRESS ON NON-SPECIFIC RESISTANCE OF THE ORGANISM OF COWS

Background. The intensification of animal husbandry leads to a violation of the adaptive capabilities of the body, a decrease in productivity and natural resistance of animals. The study of nonspecific factors of protection of the cow's body will allow us to develop ways to increase the immune status and as additional information can be used in breeding work for the selection of highly resistant parent pairs. Purpose. The study of the cellular and humoral link of nonspecific resistance in the development of a stress reaction in cattle after the action of technological stress on the body of cows. Materials and methods. The work was carried out on 20 clinically healthy highly productive black-and-white cows. The stressor for the cows was the regrouping, the change of attendants, the conduct of veterinary and sanitary manipulations. The total number of leukocytes, leukogram, bactericidal and lysozyme activity of the blood serum of cows were studied by standard clinical and laboratory methods and the morphology of leukocytes on a scanning electron microscope before and 3, 14, 30 days after technological stress. Results. On days 3-14 after stress, leukocytosis, neutrophilia, monocytosis and lymphopenia were detected relative to the initial level. When using high-resolution microscopy using a scanning electron microscope, the appearance of NEToses in the blood of cows after technological stress was detected. A decrease in the bactericidal activity of serum on the 3rd day after stress with its subsequent increase was established, on the contrary, an increase in lysozyme on the 3rd day was accompanied by its subsequent decrease by 30 days after the technological stress relative to the initial level. Conclusion. The data obtained indicate that the body's defenses are a dynamic physiological indicator, which must be considered as a general resistance of the cattle body to stressors in order to prevent the disruption of the body's adaptive capabilities

Neutrophil extracellular traps: diagnostic and prognostic value in COVID-19

Rationale: An important element of antiviral defense in the pathophysiology of COVID-19 is the innate cell immunity including polymorphonuclear neutrophils prone to netotic transformation. Neutrophils can be not only a marker of acute infection, but, being a source of neutrophil extracellular traps (NET), can play a key role in the development of thrombotic complications leading to acute respiratory insufficiency in COVID-19.Aim: To determine the diagnostic and prognostic value of NET levels in patients with COVID-19.Materials and methods: We monitored NET levels in peripheral blood of 34 patients with COVID-19 (mean age, 67 ± 15.8 years), admitted to MONIKI hospital. The control group consisted of 54 healthy volunteers (mean age, 52 ± 11.5 years). Whole blood samples of 2 pL each were used for the preparation of monolayer smears (Giemsa stain) and calculation of at least 200 cell structures including native intact and transformed neutrophils (MECOS-C2 microscope, Medical computer systems).Results: Patients with COVID-19 had higher NET levels, compared to those in healthy controls: 14.5% (2.9-28.6%) vs. 5.0% (1.8-11.9%, p < 0.0001). The patients who were on non-invasive respiratory support (23.5%) had a NET level of 12% (8.122.3%), whereas those on invasive mechanical ventilation (17.6%) had a 1.5-fold higher NET level of 17.9% (12.3-28.2%) (p < 0.05). In the patients who died (11.8% of the cases), the NET level amounted to 19% (16.5-26%, p < 0.05). Monitoring of blood NET levels was performed in 9 patients from the day of admittance to the day of their transfer to the intensive care unit / discharge / death. It was shown that a decrease of NET levels mirrors an improvement of the patient's clinical condition and efficacy of his/hers treatment. On the opposite, an increase of NET levels can indicate a deterioration and risk of unfavorable course.Conclusion: We have identified some pathophysiological mechanisms in COVID-19, related to the neutrophil compartment. Patients with coronavirus infection are characterized by high NET levels which is at least 3-fold higher than that in healthy volunteers. This indicates an abnormality in immune host defense and development of an inadequate inflammatory response. An increase of NET in whole blood smears of more than 16% can be a criterion of an unfavorable prognosis of the disease course and the risk of death

Evaluation of the lymphocyte interphase nuclei phenotype by quantitative phase imaging (QPI) in patients with endometrial ovarian cysts

Rationale: Ovarian endometriosis is a progressive disease with growing prevalence and severity. Therefore, the development of robust non-invasive laboratory screening methods for early diagnosis on the out-patient basis seems quite relevant. Aim: To assess a potential of the quantitative phase imaging technique for early diagnosis of ovarian endometrial cysts and post-operative relapses of the disease. Materials and methods: We analyzed 1578 nuclei of the peripheral blood lymphocytes from 82 patients with ovarian endometrial cysts, aged 21 to 37 years (mean age 26.4 ± 3.6 years). The patients were follow-up in a gynecology out-patient clinic (the town of Yessentuki, Russia). Assessments were made longitudinally, i.e., before a laparoscopic cystectomy, at 6 and 12 months in the post-operative period with or without treatment with dienogest-containing agents. Morphological and functional status of the nuclei from the peripheral blood lymphocytes was assessed in the real-time mode by quantitative phase imaging (QPI) with the phase-interference microscopy module of the Bioni hardware and software complex (Westgrade Ltd., Moscow) for clinical and laboratory diagnostics, and the morphodensitometric segmentation technology. Results: The comparative analysis of morphometric parameters of CD3<sup>+</sup> cells taken from peripheral blood of healthy non-pregnant women and patients with ovarian endometrial cysts before surgery showed a significant increase of the calculated functional activities of the lymphocyte nuclei (0.898 vs 0.783, p < 0.05). Assessment of changes overt time in the differential diagnostic criteria of the nuclear response in the peripheral blood lymphocytes from patients with endometrial ovarian cysts showed the following. Compared to the parameters obtained before treatment, at 6 and 12 months of the post-operative period the relative intensity of nuclear segments (ΔI) decreased by 10.3 and 14.7, 10.6 and 12.9% in the group treated with and without dienogest, respectively. Relative distance between the centers of the nuclear segments (ΔL) demonstrated a trend towards an increase by 0.6 and 0.9, 4.2 and 2.1%. The numbers of nuclear segments increased by 18.3 and 13.4, 27.4 and 16.9%, whereas the nuclear perimeter decreased by 13.9 and 12.6, 11.9 and 7.8%, respectively. In the patients treated with dienogest, the rate of non-relapse at 6 and 12 months of the follow-up was 100%, whereas in the patients without dienogest therapy, 97.5 and 93.5%, respectively. Discussion: Interphase chromatin is a unique biosensor of the early abnormalities in a lymphoid cell. Modification of its structure and packaging density not only indicate changes of the morphofunctional status of the lymphocyte, but can be projected to the body as a whole and used for early pre-clinical diagnosis, assessment of severity of the pathological process and prediction of the outcome in various critic states. Conclusion: Practical implementation of QPI for clinical monitoring of patients with ovarian endometrial cysts makes it possible to obtain important information on the cell immunity in real time. It opens new opportunities to assess the efficacy of treatment and rehabilitation activities, as well as for early pre-clinical diagnosis of relapsing disease

VITAL COMPUTER MORPHOMETRY OF LIMPHOCYTES IN DIAGNOSIS OF ACUTE RENAL ALLOGRAFT REJECTION

The article focuses on the results of the investigation of peripheral blood lymphocyte morphofunctional status in healthy volunteers and renal allograft recipients for early postoperative period. Working out noninvasive tests for diagnosis of acute renal allograft rejection based on the measuring of cell morphometric parameters by method of coherent phase microscopy (CPM). It was found out that the lymphocyte phase height was proportional cell image density and its geometrical thickness. Our results showed that the variations of immunocompetent cell morphometric indicants can be in advance the dynamics of blood creatine increasing and answer for early criteria of acute renal allograft rejection

Related liver fragment transplantation for type 1 glycogenosis: the first Russian experience The paper describes two clinical examples of successful related liver fragment transplantation for type 1 glycogenosis in a one-year-old boy and a 6-year-old girl. The given first successful clinical experience suggests that liver fragments for type 1 glycogenoses can be transplanted from live related donors and offers promise for the radical treatment of patients with this pathology.

The paper describes two clinical examples of successful related liver fragment transplantation for type 1 glycogenosis in a one-year-old boy and a 6-year-old girl. The given first successful clinical experience suggests that liver fragments for type 1 glycogenoses can be transplanted from live related donors and offers promise for the radical treatment of patients with this pathology