831 research outputs found
The Effect of a Magnetic Flux Line in Quantum Theory
The nonloclal exchange of the conserved, gauge invariant quantity
between the charged particle and the magnetic flux line (in the
direction), is responsible for the Aharonov-Bohm effect. This exchange occurs
at a definite time, before the wavepackets are brought together to interfere,
and can be verified experimentally.Comment: LaTeX, 13 pages with 3 figure
Comment on ``Protective measurements of the wave function of a single squeezed harmonic-oscillator state''
Alter and Yamamoto [Phys. Rev. A 53, R2911 (1996)] claimed to consider
``protective measurements'' [Phys. Lett. A 178, 38 (1993)] which we have
recently introduced. We show that the measurements discussed by Alter and
Yamamoto ``are not'' the protective measurements we proposed. Therefore, their
results are irrelevant to the nature of protective measurements.Comment: 2 pages LaTe
Comment on "Limits of the measurability of the local quantum electromagnetic-field amplitude"
It is argued that the findings of a recent reanalysis by Compagno and Persico
[Phys. Rev. A 57, 1595 (1998)] of the Bohr--Rosenfeld procedure for the
measurement of a single space-time-averaged component of the electromagnetic
field are incorrect when the field measurement time is shorter than that
required for light to traverse the measurement's test body. To this end, the
time-averaged "self-force" on the test body, assumed for simplicity to be of a
spherical shape, is evaluated in terms of a one-dimensional quadrature for the
general trajectory allowed for the test body by Compagno and Persico, and in
closed form for the limiting steplike trajectory used by Bohr and Rosenfeld.Comment: 5 pages, REVTe
Post-selected weak measurement beyond the weak value
Closed expressions are derived for the quantum measurement statistics of
pre-and postselected gaussian particle beams. The weakness of the pre-selection
step is shown to compete with the non-orthogonality of post-selection in a
transparent way. The approach is shown to be useful in analyzing
post-selection-based signal amplification, allowing measurements to be extended
far beyond the range of validity of the well-known Aharonov-Albert-Vaidman
limit.Comment: The published version; with respect to previous one, note changes in
Eqs. (16),(17),(19)
Traversable Wormholes and Black Hole Complementarity
Black hole complementarity is incompatible with the existence of traversable
wormholes. In fact, traversable wormholes cause problems for any theory where
information comes out in the Hawking radiation.Comment: 4 pages, CALT-68-193
Quantum limitations on superluminal propagation
Unstable systems such as media with inverted atomic population have been
shown to allow the propagation of analytic wavepackets with group velocity
faster than that of light, without violating causality. We illuminate the
important role played by unstable modes in this propagation, and show that the
quantum fluctuations of these modes, and their unitary time evolution, impose
severe restrictions on the observation of superluminal phenomena.Comment: RevTeX 4 page
Weak measurement of arrival time
The arrival time probability distribution is defined by analogy with the
classical mechanics. The difficulty of requirement to have the values of
non-commuting operators is circumvented using the concept of weak measurements.
The proposed procedure is suitable to the free particles and to the particles
subjected to an external potential, as well. It is shown that such an approach
imposes an inherent limitation to the accuracy of the arrival time
determination.Comment: 3 figure
Trans-Planckian Tail in a Theory with a Cutoff
Trans-planckian frequencies can be mimicked outside a black-hole horizon as a
tail of an exponentially large amplitude wave that is mostly hidden behind the
horizon. The present proposal requires implementing a final state condition.
This condition involves only frequencies below the cutoff scale. It may be
interpreted as a condition on the singularity. Despite the introduction of the
cutoff, the Hawking radiation is restored for static observers. Freely falling
observers see empty space outside the horizon, but are "heated" as they cross
the horizon.Comment: 17 pages, RevTe
Pre- and post-selected ensembles and time-symmetry in quantum mechanics
An expression is proposed for the quantum mechanical state of a pre- and
post-selected ensemble, which is an ensemble determined by the final as well as
the initial state of the quantum systems involved. It is shown that the
probabilities calculated from the proposed state agree with previous
expressions, for cases where they both apply. The same probabilities are found
when they are calculated in the forward- or reverse-time directions. This work
was prompted by several problems raised by Shimony recently in relation to the
state, and time symmetry, of pre- and post-selected ensembles.Comment: RevTex4, 17 pages, no fig
AB and Berry phases for a quantum cloud of charge
We investigate the phase accumulated by a charged particle in an extended
quantum state as it encircles one or more magnetic fluxons, each carrying half
a flux unit. A simple, essentially topological analysis reveals an interplay
between the Aharonov-Bohm phase and Berry's phase.Comment: 10 pages, TAUP 2110-93. Te
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