ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЕ СТИМУЛИРОВАНИЕ ТРАНСФОРМАЦИИ ЭЛЕКТРОЭНЕРГЕТИКИ

Transition to digital technologies in management of power industry at all levels – an inevitable consequence of the technical progress which has generated opportunities for diversification, decarbonization and decentralization. Thus it is necessary to recognize that digitalization in power industry is NOT automation, and first of all creation of new business models, services and the markets with a support on possibility of digital economy. In this article questions of transformation of architecture of power industry, and also the main restrictions are considered: absence in regulatory base of new opportunities for consumers; general system inefficiency; impossibility “to legalize” appearance of new subjects (active consumers and prosumers, operators of micropower supply systems and aggregators of the distributed power objects, various service organizations), and also to deregulate the relations between them, to standardize interaction interfaces with EEC, to transform the energy markets.In article it is offered for transition to new digital power to make corresponding changes to the legislation: to enter new type of participants of the market (the active consumer, an active power complex), operated intellectual connection carrying out the standard with the electrical power system, completely responsible for management of the power supply and thus having the minimum regulatory restrictions on organizational model of the work; to improve rules of functioning of trade systems for creation of the markets of the distributed power providing an effective exchange of goods and services between traditional participants of the markets and participants of new type; to enter possibility of application of technologies of the coordinated management of the distributed sources and consumers of energy, systems of storage of energy, means of regulation of loading (“aggregators”) for the purpose of increase of efficiency of their use and participation in the electric power and power markets, including rendering system services and performance of other functions in these markets (the pilot project of such system is realized under the leadership of the author of the present article by subsidiary PAO “Lukoil” “Energy and gas of Romania”); to increase technological and economic flexibility of conditions on reliability and quality of power supply, creation of possibility of a choice by the consumer of conditions of power supply necessary for him and the account them in cost; to enter the accounting of the opportunities given by “new” decisions, at an assessment, formation and implementation of investment programs of the adjustable companies (including introduction of a technique of an assessment of investment projects at possession cost on all life cycle of the decision); to replace cross subsidizing of the population by industrial consumers with mechanisms of address social support and / or with system of restriction of volumes of consumption on reduced rates (“соцнорма”); to refuse further deployment of system of subsidizing of power supply of one regions at the expense of consumers of other regions (as it leads to growth of inefficient power consumption in the subsidized regions, not provided with available generation and infrastructure); to change norms of technical regulation, norms of design on the basis of new technologies; to make changes to programs of development of the infrastructure organizations of power industry taking into account trends of diversification, decentralization, decarbonization and a digitalization; to provide possibility of stimulation, including tariff, implementation of regional programs (pilot and regular), aimed at the complex development of power industry on the basis of new approaches, technologies and the practician, and also the hi-tech companies of small and medium business providing development.Переход к цифровым технологиям в управлении электроэнергетикой на всех уровнях – неизбежное следствие технического прогресса, породившего возможности для диверсификации, декарбонизации и децентрализации. При этом необходимо исходить из того, что цифровизация в электроэнергетике – это НЕ автоматизация, а прежде всего создание новых бизнес-моделей, сервисов и рынков с опорой на возможности цифровой экономики. В данной статье рассматриваются вопросы трансформации архитектуры электроэнергетики, а также основные ограничения: отсутствие в нормативной базе новых возможностей для потребителей, общая системная неэффективность, невозможность «узаконить» появление новых субъектов (активных потребителей и просьюмеров, операторов микроэнергосистем и агрегаторов распределенных энергетических объектов, различных сервисных организаций) и дерегулировать отношения между ними, стандартизировать интерфейсы взаимодействия с ЕЭС, трансформировать энергетические рынки.В статье предлагается для перехода к новой цифровой энергетике внести соответствующие изменения в законодательство: ввести новый тип участников рынка (активный потребитель, активный энергетический комплекс), выполняющего стандарт управляемого интеллектуального соединения с электроэнергетической системой, полностью отвечающего за управление своим энергообеспечением и при этом имеющего минимальные регуляторные ограничения по организационной модели своей работы; усовершенствовать правила функционирования торговых систем для создания рынков распределенной энергетики, обеспечивающих эффективный обмен товарами и услугами между традиционными участниками рынков и участниками нового типа; создать возможность применения технологий скоординированного управления распределенными источниками и потребителями энергии, системами хранения энергии, средствами регулирования нагрузки («агрегаторов») с целью повышения эффективности их использования и участия в рынках электроэнергии и мощности, включая оказание системных услуг и выполнение иных функций на этих рынках (пилотный проект такой системы реализован под руководством автора настоящей статьи дочерней компанией ПАО «ЛУКОЙЛ» «Энергия и газ Румынии»); повысить технологическую и экономическую гибкость условий по надежности и качеству энергоснабжения, создания выбора потребителем необходимых ему условий энергоснабжения и учета их в стоимости; ввести учет возможностей, предоставляемых новыми решениями, при оценке, формировании и реализации инвестиционных программ регулируемых компаний (в том числе внедрение методики оценки инвестиционных проектов по стоимости владения на всем жизненном цикле решения); заменить перекрестное субсидирование населения промышленными потребителями на механизмы адресной социальной поддержки и / или на систему ограничения объемов потребления по льготным тарифам («соцнорма»); отказаться от дальнейшего разворачивания системы субсидирования энергоснабжения одних регионов за счет потребителей других регионов (так как это приводит к росту неэффективного энергопотребления в субсидируемых регионах, не обеспеченного доступной генерацией и инфраструктурой); изменить нормы технического регулирования, нормы проектирования на основе новых технологий; внести изменения в программы развития инфраструктурных организаций электроэнергетики с учетом трендов диверсификации, децентрализации, декарбонизации и дигитализации; предусмотреть возможность стимулирования, в том числе тарифного, реализации региональных программ (пилотных и штатных), направленных на комплексное развитие электроэнергетики на основе новых подходов, технологий и практик, а также обеспечивающих развитие высокотехнологичных компаний малого и среднего бизнеса

STATE STIMULATION OF TRANSFORMATION OF POWER INDUSTRY

Transition to digital technologies in management of power industry at all levels – an inevitable consequence of the technical progress which has generated opportunities for diversification, decarbonization and decentralization. Thus it is necessary to recognize that digitalization in power industry is NOT automation, and first of all creation of new business models, services and the markets with a support on possibility of digital economy. In this article questions of transformation of architecture of power industry, and also the main restrictions are considered: absence in regulatory base of new opportunities for consumers; general system inefficiency; impossibility “to legalize” appearance of new subjects (active consumers and prosumers, operators of micropower supply systems and aggregators of the distributed power objects, various service organizations), and also to deregulate the relations between them, to standardize interaction interfaces with EEC, to transform the energy markets.In article it is offered for transition to new digital power to make corresponding changes to the legislation: to enter new type of participants of the market (the active consumer, an active power complex), operated intellectual connection carrying out the standard with the electrical power system, completely responsible for management of the power supply and thus having the minimum regulatory restrictions on organizational model of the work; to improve rules of functioning of trade systems for creation of the markets of the distributed power providing an effective exchange of goods and services between traditional participants of the markets and participants of new type; to enter possibility of application of technologies of the coordinated management of the distributed sources and consumers of energy, systems of storage of energy, means of regulation of loading (“aggregators”) for the purpose of increase of efficiency of their use and participation in the electric power and power markets, including rendering system services and performance of other functions in these markets (the pilot project of such system is realized under the leadership of the author of the present article by subsidiary PAO “Lukoil” “Energy and gas of Romania”); to increase technological and economic flexibility of conditions on reliability and quality of power supply, creation of possibility of a choice by the consumer of conditions of power supply necessary for him and the account them in cost; to enter the accounting of the opportunities given by “new” decisions, at an assessment, formation and implementation of investment programs of the adjustable companies (including introduction of a technique of an assessment of investment projects at possession cost on all life cycle of the decision); to replace cross subsidizing of the population by industrial consumers with mechanisms of address social support and / or with system of restriction of volumes of consumption on reduced rates (“соцнорма”); to refuse further deployment of system of subsidizing of power supply of one regions at the expense of consumers of other regions (as it leads to growth of inefficient power consumption in the subsidized regions, not provided with available generation and infrastructure); to change norms of technical regulation, norms of design on the basis of new technologies; to make changes to programs of development of the infrastructure organizations of power industry taking into account trends of diversification, decentralization, decarbonization and a digitalization; to provide possibility of stimulation, including tariff, implementation of regional programs (pilot and regular), aimed at the complex development of power industry on the basis of new approaches, technologies and the practician, and also the hi-tech companies of small and medium business providing development

ASSESSMENT OF CYCLICAL AND STOCHASTIC WIND FLOW TO ENSURE POWER SYSTEM RELIABILITY

This article highlights current issues related to the problem of variability of wind power generation, which is becoming increasingly important as wind power’s contribution to the overall energy balance of many countries grows. Various aspects of wind flow volatility, including its random and deterministic components, are considered. The random component is associated with unpredictable changes in wind speed and direction, while the deterministic component is due to known patterns, such as daily and seasonal variations. The article proposes different methods for levelling the stochasticity of wind power flows. This is important for the stability and reliability of the power system, as it reduces the likelihood blackouts and ensures a more even distribution of load. The article also gives examples of the economic and environmental impact of using the proposed methods

确保电力系统可靠性的风流周期性和随机性评估

This article highlights current issues related to the problem of variability of wind power generation, which is becoming increasingly important as wind power’s contribution to the overall energy balance of many countries grows. Various aspects of wind flow volatility, including its random and deterministic components, are considered. The random component is associated with unpredictable changes in wind speed and direction, while the deterministic component is due to known patterns, such as daily and seasonal variations. The article proposes different methods for levelling the stochasticity of wind power flows. This is important for the stability and reliability of the power system, as it reduces the likelihood blackouts and ensures a more even distribution of load. The article also gives examples of the economic and environmental impact of using the proposed methods.Статья освещает актуальные вопросы, связанные с проблемой непостоянства выработки электроэнергии ветровых электростанций, что становится все более важным с учетом растущего вклада ветроэнергетики в общий энергобаланс многих стран. Рассматриваются различные аспекты волатильности ветрового потока, включая его случайную и детерминированную составляющие. Случайная составляющая связана с непредсказуемыми изменениями скорости и направления ветра, в то время как детерминированная составляющая обусловлена известными закономерностями, такими как суточные и сезонные колебания. В статье предложены различные методы нивелирования стохастичности энергии ветровых потоков. Это важно для обеспечения стабильности и надежности энергосистемы, так как снижает вероятность перебоев в подаче электроэнергии, обеспечивая более равномерное распределение нагрузки. В статье также приводятся примеры экономических и экологических эффектов использования предложенных методов.本文章重点介绍了当前与风电场发电变异性问题有关的问题。鉴于风能在许多国家的总体能源结构中所占比例越来越大，这一点正变得越来越重要。作者考虑了风流波动的各个方面，包括其随机和确定成分。随机成分是由于风速和风向的不可预测变化造成的，而确定成分则是由于已知模式造成的，如昼夜和季节变化。本文章提出了来平抑风流能量的随机性的多种方法。这对确保电力系统的稳定性和可靠性非常重要，因为通过提供更均匀的负荷分配，降低了停电的可能性。本文章还说明了使用拟议方法的经济和环境影响例子

МЕТОДЫ ОЦЕНКИ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ ИНВЕСТИЦИЙ В СОБСТВЕННУЮ ГЕНЕРАЦИЮ В УСЛОВИЯХ РИСКА

The article is devoted to the assessment of the on-site generation effectiveness taking into account the risk associated with the uncertainty of future values of energy prices. It is shown that the economic efficiency is significantly affected by the unevenness of growth in energy prices and the correlation between load profile and graph of wholesale electricity prices.Restrictions on the applying existing approaches to evaluating the effectiveness of investment projects, based on calculation of uniquely defined cash flows, are approved. The paper shows the necessity of taking risks into account in order to increase the quality of decisions given the influence of energy resources prices on project’s economic efficiency and the uncertainty of future price values. Based on the analysis of quantitative methods of risk assessment it is proposed to use fuzzy-set approach as one of the most effective methods in the conditions of uncertainty of future values.Статья посвящена оценке эффективности собственной генерации с учетом риска, обусловленного неопределенностью цен на энергоносители в будущем. Показано, что на экономическую эффективность собственной генерации существенное влияние оказывают неравномерность темпов роста цен на энергоносители и корреляция графика загрузки собственного генератора с суточным графиком рыночной цены на электроэнергию.Обоснована ограниченность применения существующих подходов, основанных на расчете денежных потоков и предполагающих однозначное определение их значений в будущем, в принятии инвестиционных решений в области энергетики. Показано, что в связи с высокой степенью влияния цен на энергоносители на эффективность инвестиционных проектов, а также с учетом неопределенности цен в будущем необходимо учитывать риски в целях повышения качества принимаемых решений. На основе анализа методов количественной оценки риска предложено использовать метод теории нечеткой логики как один из наиболее эффективных методов в условиях неопределенности параметров в будущем

МЕТОДЫ И МОДЕЛИ АНАЛИЗА ВОЛАТИЛЬНОСТИ ВЫРАБОТКИ ВИЭ С УЧЕТОМ ЦИКЛИЧНОСТИ И СТОХАСТИЧНОСТИ

This article is devoted to the study of variability of electricity generation from renewable sources. Due to the natural features of the generation,it characterized by cyclical fluctuations, as well as the influence of random factors. Availability of information about the basic factors and methods of modeling allows the selection of generating equipment, which provides consumers with the highest quality and uninterrupted energy.Данная статья посвящена изучению непостоянства выработки электроэнергии возобновляемыми источниками. В силу природных особенностей генерации электроэнергии на объектах данного типа характерно наличие циклических колебаний, а также влияние случайных факторов. Наличие информации об основных закономерностях и способах моделирования выработки позволяет осуществлять подбор и выбор режимов работы электростанции таким образом, чтобы обеспечить потребителей максимально качественной и бесперебойной энергией

Measurement of the e+e−→π+π−e^+e^-\to\pi^+\pi^- cross section from threshold to 1.2 GeV with the CMD-3 detector

The cross section of the process $e^+e^-\to\pi^+\pi^-$ has been measured in the center of mass energy range from 0.32 to 1.2 GeV with the CMD-3 detector at the electron-positron collider VEPP-2000. The measurement is based on a full dataset collected below 1 GeV during three data taking seasons, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of about 62 pb$^{-1}$. In the dominant $\rho$-resonance region, a systematic uncertainty of 0.7% has been reached. At energies around $\phi$-resonance the $\pi^+\pi^-$ production cross section was measured for the first time with high energy resolution. The forward-backward charge asymmetry in the $\pi^+\pi^-$ production has also been measured. It shows the strong deviation from the theoretical prediction based on conventional sQED framework and is in good agreement with GVDM and dispersive-based predictions. The impact of presented results on the evaluation of the hadronic contribution to the anomalous magnetic moment of muon is discussed.Comment: 52 pages, 36 figures; cosmetic changes of the text, fix fig.2 , fix comment on used selection cuts in the attached radiative correction tabl

Measurement of the pion formfactor with CMD-3 detector and its implication to the hadronic contribution to muon (g-2)

The cross section of the process $e^+e^-\to\pi^+\pi^-$ has been measured in the center of mass energy range from 0.32 to 1.2 GeV with the CMD-3 detector at the electron-positron collider VEPP-2000. The measurement is based on an integrated luminosity of about 88 pb$^{-1}$ out of which 62 pb$^{-1}$ constitutes a full dataset collected by CMD-3 at center-of-mass energies below 1 GeV. In the dominant region near $\rho$-resonance a systematic uncertainty of 0.7% has been reached. The impact of presented results on the evaluation of the hadronic contribution to the anomalous magnetic moment of muon is discussed.Comment: 6 pages, 3 figure

ESTIMATING METHODS OF INVESTMENTS EFFICIENCY TO OWN GENERATION UNDER THE RISK CONDITIONS

The article is devoted to the assessment of the on-site generation effectiveness taking into account the risk associated with the uncertainty of future values of energy prices. It is shown that the economic efficiency is significantly affected by the unevenness of growth in energy prices and the correlation between load profile and graph of wholesale electricity prices.Restrictions on the applying existing approaches to evaluating the effectiveness of investment projects, based on calculation of uniquely defined cash flows, are approved. The paper shows the necessity of taking risks into account in order to increase the quality of decisions given the influence of energy resources prices on project’s economic efficiency and the uncertainty of future price values. Based on the analysis of quantitative methods of risk assessment it is proposed to use fuzzy-set approach as one of the most effective methods in the conditions of uncertainty of future values

METHODS AND ANALYSIS MODELS OF ELECRICITY CONSUMPTION IN VIEW OF CYCLISITY AND STOCHASTICS

This article is devoted to the study of variability of electricity consumption. Cyclical fluctuations and the impact of random factors are typical for electricity consumption. Availability of information about the basic laws and methods of modeling allows the planning and selection of optimal operating modes of power generating equipment